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 -It is stated in the passage that ----



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42 -It is stated in the passage that ---- .
A) the Hindenburg was one of the first great airships 
B) there were sixty -two people on board at the time 
of the disaster 
C) ocean liners filled with hydrogen often ended up 
with explosions 
D) after the Hindenburg disaster, there were no more 
airships of the same type 
E) the great airships had a passenger capacity of 
from twenty -five to fifty passengers 
Mountaineering as a sport has developed since about 
1857, when the Alpine Club was founded in London. 
Earlier, climbers did not climb for pleasure but for 
some scientific or monetary motive, Dr Paccard of 
Chamonix was the first to scale Mont Blanc, in 1786, 
to show that man could live above the snow -line, but 
it was the lectures of Albert Smith, who climbed the 
peak in 1851, that kindled British interest. In 1854, 
Wills climbed the Wetterhorn and eleven years later, 
Whymper made his famous ascent of the Matterhorn. 
By 1880, all the major peaks of the Alps had been 
scaled, and so climbers went further afield to the 
Andes and the Himalayas. 
43 -The passage states that before the 1850s, ---- .
A) one had to pay in order to climb mountains 
B) mountain climbing cost a lot of money 
C) the Alpine Club opened in London 
D) people only climbed for research purposes 
E) climbing was not regarded as a hobby 
 
44 -British People in general first paid attention to 
mountaineering when --- .
A) Mont Blanc was climbed for the first time 
B) the Alpine club was initially founded in London
C) they realised that man could live above the snow 
-line 
D) a man made a series of, speeches on the subject 
E) Dr Paccard climbed Mont Blanc in 1786 
45 -It is implied that European climbers first 
started climbing mountains outside Europe ---- .
A) because the Alps in Europe took far too long to 
climb 
B) once they had been inspired by Albert Smith's 
lectures 
C) in order to obtain the sizeable financial benefits 
on offer 
D) so that they could make field maps of other areas 
E) as they wanted to climb previously unclimbed 
mountains 
Fossil analysis reveals that at least five periods in the 
last 600 million years have seen a drastic reduction in 
the number of species of flora and fauna on the 
Earth. However, on previous occasions such changes 
were brought about by asteroids or dramatic climatic 
changes. Experts in general believe that this decline 



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