Reading for the Real World 2 Second Edition – Test Bank

Unit 12

Business and Economics
Reading Set 2.1
A Need for Censorship in Advertising?
Most people admit  that what we see in the media affects the way we think and act, and most agree the media has a negative effect on children. Violence in television programs and movies  are said to stimulate violent behavior in children.
Over the years, some leaders have suggested creating laws to  help protect children from exposure to inappropriate TV shows and movies. (A) _____, a report by the Federal Trade Commission of the United States examined how violent entertainment was marketed to children. It was surprising that companies routinely target children as their primary audience, (B) _____ movies and games are rated inappropriate for young people. This report upset people all over the country, including politicians  who responded by calling for new laws to regulate entertainment industries. But it is not easy to create  such laws.
The US Constitution guarantees freedom of the press and freedom of speech. It has always been difficult to balance the power of laws against the freedoms of individuals and companies. So rather than create new laws, the government told the entertainment industry to (A) [finance / regulate] itself. This was actually the same solution (B) [implemented / suggested] in the early 1970s. It was at this time that people first became concerned about advertisements, and there were protests against many advertisers. People claimed that some ads were not true and also that children should not be exposed to ads for cigarettes and alcohol. So the national advertising community (C) [devised / revised] plans to avoid possible censorship by the government. Advertisers agreed to set up a new agency, called the National Advertising Review Council (NARC).
People from within the industry would review ads of all companies.  NARC’s official purpose is to maintain standards of truth, accuracy, morality, and social responsibility in advertising.  There are two branches within the organization.  The National Advertising Division (NAD) is like a police force, investigating complaints of false advertising and then working with the advertiser to correct a false ad.  It reviews cases in which the NAD and advertisers cannot agree.  The NARC is run by various national advertising associations. This type of self-regulation avoids the problems of government censorship.
The NARC is not the only way the advertising industry __________. The media in which advertising appears also works as a kind of censor. Television stations all have departments for reviewing ads before the ads are allowed to be shown on the air. This is true for radio stations as well. Likewise, magazines and newspapers review ads before publication. They want to make sure both the products and the content are appropriate for their audiences. In fact, some publications even go so far as to test every advertised product to make sure the claims in the ads are true.
A third level of regulation exists with the advertisers themselves.  Advertising agencies want the public to have confidence in their ads.  Therefore, most advertisers rely on market research to verify the claims made in advertisements.  If consumers learn about misleading claims, they can sue the advertisers.  Consumers also frequently sue companies that produce defective merchandise.  This is why most large advertising agencies employ in-house lawyers for reviewing ads. In addition, the advertising industry has several national associations that keep an eye on the practices of all advertisers.
All of the above levels of self-regulation have created a fairly reliable system for maintaining a high standard of advertising in the United States. Government intercession is not necessary. The chairman of the Federal Trade Commission claims, “It [the advertising industry] has the best self-regulatory system of any industry in the United States.”

Most people admit  that what we see in the media affects the way we think and act, and most agree the media has a negative effect on children. Violence in television programs and movies  are said to stimulate violent behavior in children. Over the years, some leaders have suggested creating laws to  help protect children from exposure to inappropriate TV shows and movies. (A) _____, a report by the Federal Trade Commission of the United States examined how violent entertainment was marketed to children. It was surprising that companies routinely target children as their primary audience, (B) _____ movies and games are rated inappropriate for young people. This report upset people all over the country, including politicians  who responded by calling for new laws to regulate entertainment industries. But it is not easy to create  such laws. 1. Which of the following is grammatically incorrect?      2. Choose the correct words for (A) and (B). (A) (B)  After all as if  In particular while  On the other hand even when  In particular even when  After all as if

The US Constitution guarantees freedom of the press and freedom of speech. It has always been difficult to balance the power of laws against the freedoms of individuals and companies. So rather than create new laws, the government told the entertainment industry to (A) [finance / regulate] itself. This was actually the same solution (B) [implemented / suggested] in the early 1970s. It was at this time that people first became concerned about advertisements, and there were protests against many advertisers. People claimed that some ads were not true and also that children should not be exposed to ads for cigarettes and alcohol. So the national advertising community (C) [devised / revised] plans to avoid possible censorship by the government. Advertisers agreed to set up a new agency, called the National Advertising Review Council (NARC). 3. Choose the correct words for (A), (B) and (C). (A) (B) (C)  finance suggested revised  finance implemented devised  regulate suggested devised  regulate implemented devised  regulate suggested revised 4. What is the purpose of this passage?  To expose common lies in advertisements  To explain why the NARC was established  To protest censorship by the national government  To show why laws regulating ads should be illegal  To give evidence of advertising’s effect on children

People from within the industry would review ads of all companies.  NARC’s official purpose is to maintain standards of truth, accuracy, morality, and social responsibility in advertising.  There are two branches within the organization.  The National Advertising Division (NAD) is like a police force, investigating complaints of false advertising and then working with the advertiser to correct a false ad.  It reviews cases in which the NAD and advertisers cannot agree.  The NARC is run by various national advertising associations. This type of self-regulation avoids the problems of government censorship. The NARC is not the only way the advertising industry __________. The media in which advertising appears also works as a kind of censor. Television stations all have departments for reviewing ads before the ads are allowed to be shown on the air. This is true for radio stations as well. Likewise, magazines and newspapers review ads before publication. They want to make sure both the products and the content are appropriate for their audiences. In fact, some publications even go so far as to test every advertised product to make sure the claims in the ads are true. 5. Where is the best place to insert the sentence below? The other branch is the National Advertising Review Board (NARB).      6. Choose the words that best fit in the blank.  gathers attention  increases profit  regulates itself  worries parents  reaches new markets

A third level of regulation exists with the advertisers themselves.  Advertising agencies want the public to have confidence in their ads.  Therefore, most advertisers rely on market research to verify the claims made in advertisements.  If consumers learn about misleading claims, they can sue the advertisers.  Consumers also frequently sue companies that produce defective merchandise.  This is why most large advertising agencies employ in-house lawyers for reviewing ads. In addition, the advertising industry has several national associations that keep an eye on the practices of all advertisers. All of the above levels of self-regulation have created a fairly reliable system for maintaining a high standard of advertising in the United States. Government intercession is not necessary. The chairman of the Federal Trade Commission claims, “It [the advertising industry] has the best self-regulatory system of any industry in the United States.” 7. Choose the sentence that does NOT belong.      8. According to the passage, what is true of advertisers?  They have resisted regulating their own messages.  They can be fined by regulators in the industry.  They can be sued for making misleading claims.  They join national associations to avoid lawsuits.  They hire lawyers to monitor their competition.

Reading Set 2.2