«разработка и использование нестандартных заданий по физике для учащихся общеобразовательных школ»

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ТЕМПЕРАТУРА- TEMPERATURE 
temperature - a physical quantity characterizing a thermodynamic system and 
quantitatively expressing an intuitive concept of the varying degrees of heating 
of bodies. 
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ИДЕАЛЬНЫЙ ГАЗ- IDEAL GAS
Ideal gas- the physical model of a gas whose interaction between molecules is 
negligible. 
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КАПИЛЛЯРНЫЕ ЯВЛЕНИЕ-CAPILLARY PHENOMENA
CAPILLARY PHENOMENA - a set of phenomena caused by the action of 
interfacial surface tension at the interface of immiscible media; To K. I am. 
Usually refer phenomena in liquids caused by the curvature of their surface, 
bordering other liquids, gas or own. ferry. KI is a particular case of surface 
phenomena. In the absence of gravity, the surface of the liquid is always curved. 
Under the influence of surface tension, the limited volume of liquid tends to 
take the form of a sphere, i.e., to occupy the volume with min. Surface. Gravity 
significantly changes the picture. A liquid with a relatively low viscosity rapidly 
takes the form of a vessel into which it is filled, and its free surface (not 
adjacent to the walls of the vessel) in the case of sufficiently large liquid masses 
and a large area of the free surface is practically flat. However, as the mass of 
the liquid decreases, the role of surface tension becomes more significant than 
the force of gravity 
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ДАВЛЕНИЕ- PRESSURE

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Pressure- a physical quantity that is numerically equal to the force acting per 
unit surface area perpendicular to this surface. 
10 
ВНУТРЕННЯЯ ЭНЕРГИЯ-INTERNAL ENERGY 
Internal energy is the name adopted for continuous media physics, 
thermodynamics, and statistical physics for that part of the total energy of a 
thermodynamic system that does not depend on the choice of the frame of 
reference and which can vary within the framework of the problem under 
consideration.