ments. A refl ex is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in response to a change in
the internal or the external environment. The refl ex arc provides the anatomical basis
for a refl ex. It consists of a peripheral receptor, which transmits a signal to the CNS,
where the signal is processed and a command is given to an eff ector organ. Refl ex arcs
may contain a various number of synapses. The simplest refl ex arc is the monosynapti c
refl ex, which consists of two neurones: an aff erent sensory neurone and a eff erent mo-
tor neurone.
– an organ or a ti ssue executi ng the commands of the CNS
1 Muscle cells – contracti on of skeletal muscles (somatomotor / somati c motor)
myocardial and smooth muscles (visceromotor / visceral motor)
2 Glands – secreti on (sweat, saliva, tears
and glands of hollow organs)
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