Quvonchbek gʻulomov 305-group in the evening department

Surface Syntax

• is the main linguistic discipline to which this course is devoted: conversion between deep morphological representation and surface syntactic representation

Classes of Syntactic Relations

• 1) actant relations;
• 2) attributive relations;
• 3) coordinative relations;
• 4) auxiliary relations

Actant Relations

• 1) predicative relation;
• 2) agentive relation;
• 3) completive relations (1st completive to 5th completive);
• 4) copulative relation;
• 5) prepositional relation

etc.

Actants and Valencies

Several notions are needed:

• Predicate
• Situation
• Situation Participant, or Actant
• Valency (=valence)
• Frame representation
• Government Pattern

Predicative Relation

The government member of the predicative SSyntRel being invariably a finite verb, its dependent member can be one of the four items:

Predicative Relation

1 A noun or its equivalent:

• John [Y] kissed [X] Mary
• It [Y] seems [X] easier
• It [Y] seems [X] easier to agree than to oppose
• The easiest [Y] of all solutions would [X] be to agree
• Enough [Y] has [X] been said
• Between [Y] ten and fifteen students attended [X] the lecture
• Whoever [Y1] is [X1,Y2] undertaking the job has [X2] to understand what [Y3] lies [X3] ahead

A Noun or its Equivalent: an Excursus

1) Normal Nouns, including pronouns

• John [Y] kissed [X] Mary;
• I [Y] left [X];
• Who [Y] came [X]?,
• What [Y] happened [X]?
• It [Y] seems [X] easier
• It [Y] seems [X] easier to agree than to oppose