Questions 1-10

Useful strategy: locating the relevant part of the passage
1  1  The key locators are: Norway; the Arctic
2  The key locators are: DNA sequencing; isotope 
analysis
3  The key locators are: ‘upside-down jellyfish’
4  The key locators are: Mediterranean Sea
Most of the locators contain a capitalised proper noun. 
The locators may also be specific terms such as ‘isotope 
analysis’, or may be terms that appear in the question 
and in the text in inverted commas, to help you find the 
term in the passage.
Exam Practice 
Questions 27–32 
27  nO: Paragraph 1. The writer says that most people 
may only have seen a dead, shapeless jellyfish on 
the beach, or perhaps been stung by one, ‘so it is 
inevitable’ if people have negative views of jellyfish. 
inevitable = not surprising
28  YES: Paragraph 1. The writer says that 
‘disappointingly little’ research was carried out into 
jellyfish and that marine biologists ‘took the easy 
option’ by focusing on other species. Therefore, 
they ‘should have conducted’ more research.
29  nOT giVEn: Paragraph 2. There are clear locators 
here: ‘shallow’ and ‘deep’ water. But the writer 
does not say whether jellyfish are 
moving from 
shallow to deep water, only that they live in both 
environments. 
30  nO: Paragraph 2. Dr Hansen’s theory has been 
‘conclusively proven by independent studies’.
31  nOT giVEn: Paragraph 3. The point the writer is 
making is that climate change may, or may not, be 
responsible for increasing jellyfish populations –  
more research is necessary to find out. The 
writer makes no comment about whether the 
consequences of climate change can be reversed. 
32  YES: Paragraph 3. Previously, some scientists 
thought jellyfish had no predators. Paul Dewar has 
shown that this is wrong. As a result, ‘the scientific 
community now recognises that’ various species 
eat jellyfish. Therefore, Dewar’s findings have 
been accepted.