Questions 1-10

particular
38  colour / color changes = vary; read = something else 
that they were able to detect
  
Distraction
 the ‘temperature’ of the water is 
constant in that part of the Pacific.
39  instruments without = did not use
  
Distraction
 it is necessary to understand a long turn 
of spoken language between the reference to the 
canoe’s name and the answer. 
40  language(s) created fresh interest = remarkable 
renaissance
READing PASSAgE 1 
Questions 1–13 
 1  TRUE: The writer explains that Sheen’s university 
degree ‘had merely touched on [= looked briefly at] 
the Roman occupation of ancient Britain, providing 
a very general overview [= a basic introduction] of 
everyday activities’.
 2  nOT giVEn: We are only told that ‘Katherine had no 
doubt they [= the coins] were historically significant 
[= perhaps important for historical research]’. There 
is no information about Katherine’s views on what 
their financial value might be.
 3  nOT giVEn: The text only says that ‘Durrand had 
previously worked on other projects where pieces 
of ancient pottery and the discovery of an old 
sword had led archaeologists to unearthing sizeable 
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Roman settlements [= he had investigated Roman 
settlements in other locations]’. We are then told 
that ‘He was keen to start excavations at Hensham’ 
but there is not enough information to tell us about 
Durrand’s expectations of what they might dig up 
there.  
 4  FALSE: The writer tells us that the team ‘looked 
for evidence that might indicate whether the villa 
had been attacked and purposely demolished [= 
deliberately destroyed], or fallen into a such a poor 
state that it eventually collapsed [= fallen down 
because it was in bad condition]’. The writer then 
explains that the team ‘decided on the latter  
[= concluded it was the second option]’.
 5  nOT giVEn: Although the writer mentions that 
a ‘noble Roman family’ would once have lived at 
the villa, he does not provide any information or 
speculate about the likely owner of the beads. The 
only comment from Durrand is that they are a find 
which ‘contributes to the story’ – meaning that they 
might eventually help archaeologists understand 
more about the villa and its residents.
 6  FALSE: The writer explains that ‘On one [= a 
foundation stone] is carved what the archaeologists 
have made out to be [= see with difficulty] a Latin 
inscription. But as the stone itself has endured 
centuries of erosion, the team has yet to work out  
[= have not yet understood] what it says.’
 7  TRUE: We are told that ‘Although incomplete, 
enough pieces [= of the mosaic] remain to show 
a geometrical pattern and stylised fish. From this 
Durrand assumes [= believes] that a bath house 
would have been a feature of the villa. While  
his team have so far not found any hard proof  
[= evidence] of this, Durrand is confident it [= his 
belief that the villa contained a bath house] will turn 
out to be the case [= be proved correct].’
 8  twigs: ‘it is more likely that twigs would have been 
gathered from surrounding woodland instead.’ The 
text also says, ‘Another fuel source used in some 
Roman hypocausts was charcoal, but evidence for 
this at Hensham has not presented itself.’
 Distraction 
‘branches’ is wrong because ‘these 
would have taken too long to produce the 
heat required’. ‘charcoal’ is wrong because 
archaeologists say this wasn’t used at Hensham. 
Note that the space also requires a plural form 
(because it is followed by ‘were’) – so ‘charcoal’ 
would not fit here.