Questions 1-10

READing PASSAgE 2 
Training
Review
1  Opinion and discussion.
2  No. It often contains the views of other experts, 
specialists, researchers, etc.
3  For Passage 2, there are three tasks. In Test 1, the 
tasks were Matching headings, Summary completion 
and Matching features.
4  20 minutes.
Matching information
1  1 D  2 C  3 E  4  A 5  B   
Exam Practice
Questions 14–18
14  E: “During NREM sleep . . . your body settles into 
this lovely low state of energy,” Walker explains. 
“REM sleep, on the other hand is . . . an incredibly 
active brain state. Your heart and nervous system go 
through spurts of activity.”’  
15  B: ‘Walker believes, too, that . . . sleep is strongly 
associated with weakness. “We want to seem busy, 
and one way we express that is by proclaiming 
how little sleep we’re getting. When I give lectures, 
people . . . tell me quietly: ‘I seem to be one of those 
people who need eight or nine hours’ sleep.’ It’s 
embarrassing to say it in public.”’
16  E: ‘For example, they should not be regularly 
working late into the night as this affects cognitive 
performance. Depending on sleeping pills is also 
not a good idea, as it can have a damaging effect on 
memory.’  
17  A: ‘“No one is doing anything about it but things 
have to change. But when did you ever see a 
national health service poster urging sleep on 
people? When did a doctor prescribe, not sleeping 
pills, but sleep itself? It needs to be prioritised.”’ 
18  B: ‘In 1942, less than 8% of the population was 
trying to survive on six hours or less sleep a night; in 
2017, almost one in two people is.’