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prevail in the past. Their response was:  no heart surgery or antibiotics, and hardly



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006. SUCCESS READING SUMMARY COMPLETION @Aslanovs Lessons

 
prevail in the past. Their response was: 
no heart surgery or antibiotics, and hardly
 
any drugs at all; no aeroplanes, bicycles or high-voltage power 
grids; no
 
pasteurisation, pesticides or bio-technology; no quantum mechanics; no wheel; no
 
"discovery" of 
America. In short, their message was: no risk, no gain.
 
They have absolutely missed the point. The precautionary principle is a subtle idea.
 
It has various 
forms, but all of them generally include some notion of costeffectiveness.
 
Thus the point is not simply to ban 
things that are not known to be
 
absolutely safe. Rather, it says: "Of course you can make no progress 
without risk.
 
But if there is no obvious gain from taking the risk, then don't take it."
 
Clearly, all the technologies 
listed by the 40 well-chosen savants were innately risky
 
at their inception, as all technologies are. But all of 
them would have received the
 
green light under the precautionary principle because they all had the 
potential to
 
offer tremendous benefits — the solutions to very big problems if only the snags
 
could be 
overcome.
 
If the precautionary principle had been in place, the scientists tell us, we would not
 
have antibiotics. 
But of course we would — if the version of the principle that
 
sensible people now understand had been 
applied. When penicillin was discovered
 
in the 1920s, infective bacteria were laying waste to the world. 
Children died from
 
diphtheria and whooping cough, every open drain brought the threat of typhoid, and
 
any 
wound could lead to septicaemia and even gangrene.

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