Question: Analyze the sources of material evidence in the investigation of corruption crimes

What is evidence in criminal law?

According to Article 81 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the inquiry officer, investigator and court shall determine whether a socially dangerous act has taken place, the guilt of the perpetrator and other circumstances relevant to the proper resolution of the case. Any factual information that may be used as evidence in a criminal case.

There are two types of evidence: written evidence and physical evidence.
Written evidence is a document or other record written by an official or a citizen in words, numbers, diagrams or other form and intended to store, change, provide information that may be relevant to the case.
Material evidence is clarified in Article 203 of the Criminal Procedure Code.
According to which, to whom it belongs, whether it has been used or used for a specific purpose, whether it has passed from hand to hand or has changed its position, is affected by this or that substance, thing, process or event.
Material evidence is any physical signs or symptoms that can be identified, as well as any other signs and symptoms that serve to determine the state of affairs.

Material evidence is defined in Article 203 of the Criminal Procedure Code. According to it, its origin, to whom it belongs, whether it has been used or used for certain purposes, whether it has passed from hand to hand or where it has changed its location, whether it has been affected by certain substances, things, processes and events material evidence is anything that has identifiable physical signs or symptoms, as well as any other signs and symptoms that serve to identify work situations.

Investigative and judicial bodies collect, examine, and evaluate evidence in order to properly address corruption offenses. Evidence evaluation is an important stage in which the investigator and the court evaluate the evidence gathered and examined at this stage based on their legal awareness and mental capacity in accordance with the categories of acceptability, relevance and reliability.
Evidence plays an important role in solving crimes. Evidence obtained without complying with the requirements of procedural law in their collection is considered inappropriate and loses its relevance in the discovery of the crime.
As for the sources of material evidence in the investigation of corruption crimes, we can list the following:

1. 
   Money and valuables transferred to the bribe-taker:
   

2. 
   Product labels, receipts, labels from items handed over to the bribe recipient;
   

3. 
   Traces of the substance from which the object of the bribe was taken on the body or clothing of the bribe-taker;
   

4. 
   Traces of the fingers of the bribe-giver or intermediary on the object of the bribe (traces in the apartment, car, car, traces left on the window at the time of arrest);
   

5. 
   Shoe marks, car tire marks at the meeting place, saliva or lipstick left on discarded cigarettes, etc .;