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Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
Few writers have lived as colorfully as Ernest Hemingway, whose career could have come 
out of one his adventurous novels. Like Fitzgerald, Dreiser, and many other fine novelists of the 
20th century, Hemingway came from the U.S. Midwest. Born in Illinois, Hemingway spent 
childhood vacations in Michigan on hunting and fishing trips. He volunteered for an ambulance 
unit in France during World War I, but was wounded and hospitalized for six months. After the 

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war, as a war correspondent based in Paris, he met expatriate American writers Sherwood 
Anderson, Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Gertrude Stein. Stein, in particular, influenced 
his spare style.
After his novel 
The Sun Also Rises
(1926) brought him fame, he covered the Spanish Civil 
War, World War II, and the fighting in China in the 1940s. On a safari in Africa, he was badly 
injured when his small plane crashed; still, he continued to enjoy hunting and sport fishing, 
activities that inspired some of his best work. 
The Old Man and the Sea
(1952), a short poetic 
novel about a poor, old fisherman who heroically catches a huge fish devoured by sharks, won 
him the Pulitzer Prize in 1953; the next year he received the Nobel Prize. Discouraged by a 
troubled family background, illness, and the belief that he was losing his gift for writing, 
Hemingway shot himself to death in 1961.
His hallmark is a clean style devoid of unnecessary words. Often he uses understatement: 
In 
A Farewell to Arms
(1929) the heroine dies in childbirth saying "I'm not a bit afraid. It's just a 
dirty trick." He once compared his writing to icebergs: "There is seven-eighths of it under water 
for every part that shows."
Hemingway's fine ear for dialogue and exact description shows in his excellent short stories, 
such as "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" and "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber." Critical 
opinion, in fact, generally holds his short stories equal or superior to his novels. His best novels 
include 
The Sun Also Rises
, about the demoralized life of expatriates after World War I; 
A 
Farewell to Arms
, about the tragic love affair of an American soldier and an English nurse 
during the war; 
For Whom the Bell Tolls
(1940), set during the Spanish Civil War; and 
The Old 
Man and the Sea
.