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Alice Walker 
 
Alice Walker
(born February 9, 1944) is an American novelist, short story writer, poet, and 
activist. She wrote the novel 
The Color Purple
 (1982), for which she won the National Book 
Award for hardcover fiction, and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.  She also wrote the 
novels 
Meridian
 (1976) and 
The Third Life of Grange Copeland
 (1970), among other works. An 
avowed feminist, Walker coined the term "womanist" to mean "A black feminist or feminist of 
color" in 1983. 
Walker wrote the poems of her first book of poetry, 
Once
, while she was studying in East 
Africa and during her senior year at Sarah Lawrence College. Walker would slip her poetry 
under the office door of her professor and mentor, Muriel Rukeyser, when she was a student 
at Sarah Lawrence. Rukeyser then showed the poems to her agent. 
Once
was published four 
years later by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 
Following graduation, Walker briefly worked for the New York City Department of 
Welfare before returning South. She took a job working for the Legal Defense Fund of 
the National 
Association 
for 
the 
Advancement 
of 
Colored 
People in Jackson, 
Mississippi. Walker also worked as a consultant in black history to the Friends of the Children of 
Mississippi Head Start program. She later returned to writing as writer-in-residence at Jackson 
State University (1968–69) and Tougaloo College (1970–71). In addition to her work 
at Tougaloo College, Walker published her first novel, 
The Third Life of Grange Copeland,
in 
1970. The novel explores the life of Grange Copeland, an abusive, irresponsible sharecropper, 
husband and father. 
In the fall of 1972, Walker taught a course in Black Women's Writers at the University of 
Massachusetts Boston. 
In 
1973, 
before 
becoming editor of 
Ms.
 
Magazine
, 
Walker 
and 
fellow Zora 
Neale 
Hurston scholar Charlotte D. Hunt discovered an unmarked grave they thought was Hurston's 
in Ft. Pierce, Florida. Walker had it marked with a gray marker stating ZORA NEALE 
HURSTON / 
A GENIUS OF THE SOUTH
/ NOVELIST FOLKLORIST / ANTHROPOLOGIST 
/ 1901–1960. The line "a genius of the south" is from Jean Toomer's poem 
Georgia Dusk,
which 
appears in his book 
Cane
.
[15]
 Hurston was actually born in 1891, not 1901. 
Walker's 1975 article "In Search of Zora Neale Hurston," published in 
Ms.
 Magazine, helped 
revive interest in the work of this African-American writer and anthropologist. 
In 1976, Walker's second novel, 
Meridian,
was published. 
Meridian
is a novel about activist 
workers in the South, during the civil rights movement, with events that closely parallel some of 
Walker's own experiences. In 1982, she published what has become her best-known work, 
The 
Color Purple
. The novel follows a young, troubled black woman fighting her way through not 
just racist white culture but patriarchal black culture as well. The book became a bestseller and 
was subsequently adapted into a critically acclaimed 1985 movie directed by Steven Spielberg, 

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featuring Oprah Winfrey and Whoopi Goldberg, as well as a 2005 Broadway musicaltotaling 
910 performances. 
Walker has written several other novels, including 
The Temple of My Familiar
 and 
Possessing 
the Secret of Joy
 (which featured several characters and descendants of characters from 
The 
Color Purple
). She has published a number of collections of short stories, poetry, and other 
writings. Her work is focused on the struggles of black people, particularly women, and their 
lives in a racist, sexist, and violent society. Walker is a leading figure in liberal politics. 
In 2000, Walker released a collection of short fiction based on her own life called 
The Way 
Forward Is With a Broken Heart,
exploring love and race relations. In this book, Walker details 
her interracial marriage to Melvyn Rosenman Leventhal, a civil rights attorney who was also 
working in Mississippi. The two wed on March 17, 1967 in New York City, since their 
interracial marriage was then illegal in the South, and divorced in 1976.They had a daughter, 
Rebecca, together in 1969. Rebecca Walker, Alice Walker's only child, is an American novelist, 
editor, artist, and activist. The Third Wave Foundation, an activist fund, was founded with the 
help of Rebecca. Her godmother is Alice Walker's mentor and co-founder of 
Ms. 
Magazine
, Gloria Steinem. 
In 2007, Walker donated her papers, consisting of 122 boxes of manuscripts and archive 
material, to Emory University's Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library. In addition to 
drafts of novels such as 
The Color Purple
, unpublished poems and manuscripts, and 
correspondence with editors, the collection includes extensive correspondence with family 
members, friends and colleagues, an early treatment of the film script for 
The Color Purple
, 
syllabi from courses she taught, and fan mail. The collection also contains a scrapbook of poetry 
compiled when Walker was 15, entitled "Poems of a Childhood Poetess." 
In 2013, Alice Walker published two new books, one of them entitled 
The Cushion in the Road: 
Meditation and Wandering as the Whole World Awakens to Being in Harm's Way
. The other was 
a book of poems entitled 
The World Will Follow Joy Turning Madness into Flowers (New 
Poems)
.