Python Programming for Biology: Bioinformatics and Beyond

Method/Attribute

(math.)

Description

ceil(x)

Gives a floating point value that is rounded to the next

integer value towards infinity. Equivalent to

math.floor(x)+1.0.

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factorial(x)

For an integer, the product of all natural numbers up to and

including that value: x!. Noting that 0! is defined to be 1.

floor(x)

Gives a floating point value that is rounded to the next

integer value towards negative infinity.

isinf(x)

Determines whether a value is an infinity object.

isnan(x)

Determines whether a value is a ‘not a number’ object.

exp(x)

Finds the exponent; e to the power of a value.

log(x, base)

Finds the logarithm of a value. Defaults to a natural

logarithm, but an optional base may be specified.

pow(x, y)

Raises one value to the power of another. Equivalent to x **

y.

sqrt(x)

Finds the square root of a non-negative value.

acos(x)

Finds the inverse cosine (arccosine).

asin(x)

Finds the inverse sine (arcsine).

atan(x)

Finds the inverse tangent (arctangent).

atan2(y, x)

Finds the inverse tangent of y/x (arctangent).

cos(x)

Finds the cosine of an angle (in radians).

hypot(x, y)

Finds the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle

(2D), given the length of the other two sides. Equivalent to

math.sqrt(x*x + y*y).

sin(x)

Finds the sine of an angle (in radians).

tan(x)

Finds the tangent of an angle (in radians).

degrees(x)

Converts an angle in radians to degrees.

radians(x)

Converts an angle in degrees to radians.

acosh(x)

Finds the inverse hyperbolic cosine.

asinh(x)

Finds the inverse hyperbolic sine.

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atanh(x)

Finds the inverse hyperbolic tangent.

cosh(x)

Finds the hyperbolic cosine.

sinh(x)

Finds the hyperbolic sine.

tanh(x)

Finds the hyperbolic tangent.

pi

The constant Pi (π); 3.141592653589793…

e

The constant Euler’s number (e); 2.718281828459…