Psychologists suggest that to cure cruelty

The samurai came into existence as a separate class

1. 
   in April 986 in Nikko
   
2. 
   following the Meiji Restoration
   
3. 
   after the end of the shogunate in 867
   
4. 
   after the emperor became unable to rule properly
   

2. 
   It is clear from the passage that the Tokugawa shogunate
   

1. 
   had always been loyal to the Japanese Emperors
   
2. 
   was the most merciless of all in Japan
   
3. 
   had lost control of the country by the 2th century
   
4. 
   ruled over the whole of Japan for a long period
   

3. 
   We could describe Bushido as …
   

1. 
   a village constructed to remind the Japanese of their culture
   
2. 
   a fixed set of rules dictating how the samurai should behave
   
3. 
   the most powerful samurai chiefs
   
4. 
   local territorial wars between warlords