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Text linguistics as a special philological discipline was formed in the second half of the 20th
century. The main task of the text linguistics is ‘to develop, distinguish such categories that
characterize the essence of the text (for example, the principles of its construction) and make it
possible to reduce all the diversity of texts to a finite, visible variety of basic types [8, р. 59].
The linguistics of a literary text occupies a special position. It deals with the purposeful interaction
of
text units, more often with those occurring on different text levels. The most popular layered
presentation of text is focused on language stratification with an appropriate selection of the phonetic,
morphological, lexical and syntactic levels of the text. Due to this fact, different semantic and aesthetic
functions are realized in it [9, р. 11].
Prof. Novikov identifies the following methods of linguistic analysis of a literary text:
1) linguistic commentary, the main task and the main technique of which is a dictionary or
interlinear explanation of incomprehensible, of a rare usage, obsolete, special words and expressions,
grammatical phenomena and other similar language facts (the main object of the analysis is the
linguistic level of the text, partially – extralinguistic one);
2) linguo-stylistic analysis, that studies figurative means of a literary text, the aesthetic effect that
their synthesis gives (the main technique here is the search for a synthesizing principle in the means of
speech representation); the object here is figure of speech;
3) comprehensive
linguistic analysis, aiming at complex, multifaceted philological study of a
literary text. The main method of this analysis is the study of the text by defining its figurative poetic
structure, that is in close unity with the message of the text and the system of figurative language
means. The category of the author`s image lies in the basis of a synthesis analysis. It cannot but define
the poetic (compositional) structure of the text, the system of literary
images and the way they are
developing in the plot, specifying the ideological intention of the writing, features of its genre and the
aesthetic functions [8, р. 84-85].
Linguistic analysis identifies the functional role of linguistic units and their forms in speech: the
appropriateness of the choice of words, the turns of the speech, grammatical forms, in accordance with
the author's intention, the unique usage of language means in the literary text [9, р. 23].
Today there seems to be a compelling need in developing the model of a complex linguistic text
analysis bringing in the data from other linguistic branches, such as the theories of speech acts and
genres, stylistics, philosophy and psychology.
The nowadays linguistic analysis includes the analysis of a literary text –
the study of a writing,
considering it as a historical fact of social thought development, – and a stylistic one – the study of the
techniques of individual author`s use of language means. Each word and each sign in the text conveys
information that helps to understand the shades of the general meaning, receive and perceive the
message, since there are no unintentional details in the literary text that can be neglected or left
without the analysis.
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