Проблемы современной науки и образования

 
 
 
Fig. 1. Ornament islimi 
 
Girih is a combination of geometric shapes. In German, the word means "embarrassed," "knot." It 
is widely used by Muslim peoples in architecture, miniature, ceramics, carving, carpet weaving, and 
other applied arts. There are many types of weights, and the basis is the intersection of circular, 
triangular and square shapes. The belt is drawn using a ruler and a circle with maximum accuracy. The 
peculiarity of girih is that the line around the figure is interconnected with the other line and can knit at 
one end. Classic miniature works were effectively used to decorate the walls of the building, 
courtyard, royal throne, tent, umbrella, rug and other forms. The following types of weights are 
available: 

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Fig. 2. Girih ornament 
1. Girih, from the intersection of triangles. 
2. Girih, connections consisting of intersections of rectangles.
3. Girih, consisting of circular intersections.
4. Girih, consisting of intersections of elastic forms [1] (Fig. 2). 
Although these tessellations consist of some restricted and regular shapes (motifs) which have 
their own specific Persian names such as Shamseh (star), Torange (the quadrilateral tile), Sormeh-Dan 
(the bow tie tile), Tab’l (the concave octagonal tile), etc., these shapes have generated various and 
distinct patterns in art and architecture. Assessing many examples from the past 1000 years reveals 
that the main feature of the Girih is the mathematical and geometrical principles used in drawing it. 
The diversity of pattern types is based on the variety of methods for drawing. It is useful for current 
designers to know how each pattern is drawn [2]. 
Fields are a decorated area that surrounds a composition. The fields are diverse, with a wide 
variety of colourful, islimi, girih, animal, floral and human images. In