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Land accumulation methods



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Land accumulation methods 
are market (purchase and sale), inheritance and donation. In 
particular, transaction is the most basic land accumulation method. Land is always a special 
commodity and allowed to be traded on the market. Private ownership is the basis for forming and 
securing property rights to land [4]. Moreover, landowners can inherit from the previous generation or 
be given and legalized by the government to inherit and donate to ensure their ownership or land use 
rights. The long-term land accumulation may create inequality in land ownership: there will be 
landowners and landless farmers. To minimize this inequality, all governments have announced the 
policy on land limit which prescribes the maximum level that an individual can own.
Land concentration methods
are quite diverse, depending on the purpose and scale of economic 
activities, such as land concentration to build household economy, develop farm economy, form 
production cooperatives and establish large agricultural enterprises. In Vietnam, there are basically 
forms of land accumulation, namely leasing land use rights; associating land for production; changing 
fields; and accumulating fields. 

Land use right lease
is the purchase of land use rights for a definite period of time as agreed. The 
land lessor loses ownership and receives income (money or farm produce) from the tenant. This is a 
fairly common practice in rural areas of Vietnam. Some landowners will lease land if they have no 
cultivation demand or cultivation result which are less than the rent [3, p. 420].

Cooperative production
is the way in which farmers with land cooperate with each other in a 
cooperative form to create a larger land area. A large field is a condition for farmers to cooperate with 
enterprises and participate in their production chain [7; 3, p. 420].


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Field exchange
is the form by which landowners exchange with each other based on negotiation 
to create fields with larger area for cultivation. Field exchange often happens spontaneously and is also 
a common practice in rural areas of Vietnam [7; 3, p. 420]. 
 

Land accumulation - parcel exchange
is a method of accumulating several small parcels into a 
larger one. Farmers involved in this process do not lose their land ownership, but the land area may 
change. The change of land area depends on the nature and value of the parcels when exchanged with 
each other. Land accumulation - parcel exchange is a rather complicated form, usually conducted by a 
community and under close supervision from the authority. In other words, accumulation and 
exchange of agricultural land parcels is the rearrangement of small and scattered agricultural land 
parcels into new larger parcels associated with re-planning internal traffic and irrigation in order to 
facilitate the organization of production and the application of mechanization in agriculture.

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