PART ONE
The Master Budget
CHAPTER 1
Overview of Budgets and Financial Models
3
CHAPTER 2
Operating Budget—Assumptions, Sales, and Collections
20
CHAPTER 3
Operating Budget—Cost of Goods Sold, Inventory, and Purchases
41
CHAPTER 4
Operating Budget—Operating Expenses
61
CHAPTER 5
Operating Budget—Income Statement
77
CHAPTER 6
Financial Budget—Capital Budget and Cash Budget
96
CHAPTER 7
Financial Budget—Balance Sheet
126
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CONTENTS
PART TWO
Financial Statements and Free Cash Flows
CHAPTER 8
Consolidated Financial Statements
147
CHAPTER 9
Free Cash Flows and Dashboard
165
PART THREE
Analysis of a Financial Model
CHAPTER 10
Sensitivity Analysis
187
CHAPTER 11
Contribution Margin Analysis
201
CHAPTER 12
Financial Ratios Analysis
220
CHAPTER 13
Valuation
244
CHAPTER 14
Capitalization Chart
267
Answers to Chapter Questions
279
APPENDIX
General Overview of Microsoft Excel 2007 Features and
Functionality
315
About the CD-ROM
339
About the Author
343
Index
345
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Foreword
B
efore joining Microsoft, I spent a decade in consulting, focused primarily
on helping customers implement financial and customer systems. These
systems were the lifeblood of a company’s financial modeling and deci-
sion support systems; they were responsible for ensuring quick and reliable
business decisions, making the company more competitive while driving
shareholder value. Given their importance to the business, we took great
care in designing and delivering the analytical and reporting capabilities of
these systems.
After implementing the modeling and reporting capabilities, I always
enjoyed sitting down with the users to understand how they were utilizing
their new tools. To my amazement, in almost every discussion with a user,
the most noted feature of the reporting capabilities we delivered was the
“Export to Excel” button. The robust capabilities that we had built for users
were replaced by a tool that sat on every information worker’s desktop that
we could not match with any amount of effort—Microsoft Office Excel.
Financial modeling represents the practice of projecting a business’s
operating results. The process of building, maintaining, and using finan-
cial models involves many interrelated and complex steps. The extent to
which the process of building financial models is made more straightfor-
ward through the use of Excel as a financial modeling tool is captured nicely
in the title of this book, Building Financial Models with Microsoft Excel.
As one would expect, we use Excel for financial modeling inside Mi-
crosoft. In fact, when Microsoft deployed its financial, human resources,
and customer systems, we started with Excel as the primary modeling, ana-
lytical, and reporting tool. We use financial models on a regular basis inside
Microsoft to achieve business goals, and financial modeling has represented
a key component of Microsoft’s practice of planning for, and investing in,
the future.
It is impressive to see employees at Microsoft model scenarios with
Excel that are completely integrated with our back-end customer, product,
and financial data. In addition, employees feel empowered in their ability to
spend most of their time analyzing, modeling, and making business decisions,
rather than hunting for data, crunching numbers, or making assumptions
because of a lack of reliable data.
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FOREWORD
Watching employees collaborate between models, leverage the power of
Excel, and run complex scenarios is very satisfying. It is especially satisfying
to me, since as an information technology person I do not need to build many
of the modeling capabilities that employees are using. Excel’s capabilities go
a long way in helping to make the process of building a financial model
more straightforward.
The process of building financial models, which involves many inte-
grated calculations, is made more manageable by Excel’s ability to identify
and track all of the points of linkage in calculations across financial mod-
els. Excel also enables users to test assumptions underlying financial models
and run sensitivity analyses in real time with a high degree of accuracy—
something that was not possible before the advent of the electronic spread-
sheet.
As the world becomes increasingly connected from an electronic com-
munications perspective, the ability to share and collaborate on financial
models will increase. As more people use electronic spreadsheets such as
Excel, the power to build complex financial models will extend to a wider
audience. As standards underlying financial models emerge, such as XBRL
(eXtensible Business Reporting Language), the ability to distribute and use
clearly defined and well-understood elements of financial models will in-
crease as well.
You can help ensure the success of your business through the use of
financial models. Building a financial model helps to project a business’s
future operating results and allows for better business decision making.
Microsoft has benefited in many ways through the efficient and effective
use of financial models. This book will allow you to bolster your financial
modeling skills and knowledge.
Building useful, accurate, and robust financial models can help ensure
the success of your business. The opportunities have never been greater to
use financial modeling tools such as Excel to make your company and your
career more successful. The need for reliable modeling capabilities is stronger
now than it has ever been. New features and functionality embedded in Excel
2007 offer users the ability to collaborate on, secure, and integrate financial
models in new and exciting ways.
I highly recommend K. Scott Proctor’s book as one of the best I have seen
at providing the fundamental knowledge and insight for financial modeling
in Excel. The book does a great job of walking through practical examples
to help you build your financial modeling skills through the use of Excel—
skills that will benefit you for years to come as financial modeling in Excel
advances in this interconnected world.
—R
ON
M
ARKEZICH
Corporate Vice President – MS Online, Microsoft
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Preface
P U R P O S E O F T H I S B O O K
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