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A Tightly Coupled Heterogeneous Core



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(Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10793) Mladen Berekovic, Rainer Buchty, Heiko Hamann, Dirk Koch, Thilo Pionteck - Architecture of Computing Systems – ARCS

A Tightly Coupled Heterogeneous Core
with Highly Efficient Low-Power Mode
Yasumasa Chidai
1(
B
)
, Kojiro Izuoka
1
, Ryota Shioya
1
, Masahiro Goshima
2
,
and Hideki Ando
1
1
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
{chidai,izuoka}@ando.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp,
{shioya,ando}@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp
2
National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan
goshima@nii.ac.jp
Abstract. A tightly coupled heterogeneous core (TCHC) has heteroge-
neous execution units with different characteristics inside the core. The
composite core (CC) and the front-end execution architecture (FXA)
are examples of state-of-the-art TCHCs. These TCHCs have in-order
and out-of-order execution units in the core. They selectively execute
instructions in-order and it improves the energy efficiency without sig-
nificant performance degradation compared to out-of-order execution.
However, these TCHCs cannot improve the energy efficiency sufficiently.
CC has a large switching penalty of the execution units, and thus, CC
cannot sufficiently execute instructions in-order. FXA cannot suspend
energy consuming out-of-order execution units when it executes instruc-
tions in-order. We propose a dual-mode frontend execution architecture
(DM-FXA), which is based on the FXA. DM-FXA has our proposed
low-power execution mode, which completely suspends the out-of-order
execution unit on in-order execution, and thus, DM-FXA consumes less
energy than does the FXA. In addition, DM-FXA has a smaller switch-
ing penalty than CC. In our evaluation, the proposed methods reduce
energy consumption by 34.7% compared with a conventional out-of-order
processor, and performance degradation is within 3.2%.

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