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(Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10793) Mladen Berekovic, Rainer Buchty, Heiko Hamann, Dirk Koch, Thilo Pionteck - Architecture of Computing Systems – ARCS

3.3
On the Data Type Level
Typically, numerical algorithms rely on floating-point operations performed on
the executing hardware. Many approaches in AC present designs that deal with
arithmetic units, which also includes floating-point units. These approaches can
be roughly grouped into two general approaches.


Do Iterative Solvers Benefit from Approximate Computing?
303
One deals with the precision of the operations itself [
11
]. This is achieved by
precision scaling or by redesigning a processing unit in an approximate way. This
leads to more efficient hardware designs regarding power consumption, latency,
or area. The other approaches deal with approximate memory which may affect
the accuracy of involved operands [
10
]. In general, approximate memories can
lead to indeterministic stored data.
To include those approaches in our evaluation, we adapt floating-point oper-
ations within the algorithm. The first group is simulated by truncating bits
of the significand (called precision scaling). The approximation parameter
states the number of truncated bits. For the second, we introduce random bits
for those less significant bits. However, this means that each memory access
is affected. Therefore, we perform additional experiments, where we introduce
errors according to different realistic error rates of an approximate memory [
10
].

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