Presenters: Allan Chim Caty Liu

Case Study – Kern River

• Originally discovered in 1899. Estimated production life 50 years
• Kern River is still producing today
• Water Flooding and future technological developments can yield additional output

Projected Liquids Production from Shale Plays

Natural Gas Industry

What is natural gas?

• Conventional
• Unconventional
• Shale gas

Industry: From Wellhead to Burner Tip

• Exploration & Extraction
• Production
• Transportation
• Storage
• Distribution & Marketing

Exploration & Extraction

• Onshore
• Offshore

Onshore Drilling

• Carbon tool drilling
• Horizontal drilling

Production

• Oil and condensate removal
• Water removal
• Separation of natural gas liquids
• Sulfur and carbon dioxide removal

Transportation

• Gathering system field lines
• Transmission trunk lines
• Distribution lines

Storage

• Depleted gas reservoirs
• Aquifers
• Salt caverns
• Liquefied natural gas

Underground

Distribution & Marketing

Business Overview

• Market structure
• Natural gas demand
• Natural gas supply

Market Structure

• Prior to deregulation and pipeline unbundling

Market Structure

• Simplified structure after pipeline unbundling

Producer
Marketers
LDC
End Users
Transporters

Natural Gas Demand

• Factors affecting short term demand
• Cyclical cycle
• Weather
• Capacity to switch fuel
• Economy

• Factors affecting long term demand
• Residential and commercial demand
• Industrial demand
• Electric generation demand
• Transportation sector demand