Present Simple(adj) Affirmative(darak gap) Subject+Verb(s,es)+O+P+T

e.g He could have been sick-50%


-John:George had to give a speech in front of five hundred people
-Alex:Oooo! That’s a big audience.He must have been nervous
-Selena:Why are you here so early?
-Sheeren:Sam told me that the party started at 7 o’clock
-Selena:No,it doesn’t start until 8 o’clock.You must have misunderstood


Negative(inkor)
S+could/can/must/may/might not have+V3/ed


e.g Sam was not hungry-100%
e.g Sam couldn’t have been hungry-99%
e.g Sam can’t have been hungry-99%
e.g Sam must not have been hungry-95%
e.g Sam may not have been hungry-50%
e.g Sam might not have been hungry-50%
-Joe: Someone was knocking at the door.It might have been Ross
-Rachel: It couldn’t have been Ross because He was in Moscow(99% sure)
Future Time
(kelasi zamon)
S+should/ought to/may/might/could+V+O+P+T


e.g Kay will do well on the test-100%
e.g Kay should do well on the test-90%
e.g Kay ought to do well on the test-90%
e.g Kay might do well on the test-50%
e.g Kay may do well on the test-50%
e.g Kay could do well on the test-50%
-Kay has been studying hard.She should do well on the test tomorrow.
Progressive forms of modals
Present
Subject+modal verb+be+Ving+O+P+T
e.g Look.Those people who are coming in the door are carrying wet umbrellas.It must be raining
-Let’s just knock on the door lightly.
-Tom may be sleeping.
-All of the lights in Ann’s room are turned off.She must be sleeping.
-Do you smell smoke?
-I sure do.Something must be burning in the kitchen.
Past
Subject+modal verb+have been+Ving+O+P+T