Present Simple(adj) Affirmative(darak gap) Subject+Verb(s,es)+O+P+T

4. Spend,waste,lose(time,money...) fe'llaridan so'ng doimo fe'lga gerund(ing) qo'shiladi.
-We wasted a lot of time trying to find a parking space
-He lost $100,000 investing in unsuccessful companies
5. Phrasel Verbs va prepositiondan keyin kelgan fe'lga doim gerund(ing) ishlatiladi.
-He was found guilty of lying in court
-He went on working until he was 91
Attention: To bilan tugaydigan phrasel verb va preposition keyin ham gerund(ing) qo'shiladi.
Ular quyidagilar:look forward to,be used to,get round to,object to,addition to,admit to...
-She objects to working on Saturdays
-I am looking forward to seeing them
6. Agar hear,listen to,notice,see,watch va feel fe'llaridan so'ng kelgan fe'lga ing qo'shilsa(V+O+Ving)bu holda ish harakatni siz to'liq hear,listen to,notice,see,watch va feel qilmagan bo'lasiz ya'ni qisman guvoh bo'lgan bo'lasiz
- I listened to James singing a song(Siz Jamesni musiqa aytayotgan paytda eshitib qolgansiz boshidan ohirigacha aytishini eshitmagansiz)
- He saw her dancing to classical music


Attention:Agar hear,listen to,notice,see,watch and feel fe'llaridan so'ng bare infinitive kelsa,(V+O+V) siz ish harakatni to'liq hear,listen to,notice,see,watch and feel qilgan bo'lasiz.
- I listened to James sing a song(Siz Jamesni musiqa aytishini boshidan ohirigacha eshitgansiz)
-He saw her dance to classical music
7. Sababni ifodalash uchun gapning boshida Verb(fe'l)ga gerund(ing) qo'shilishi mumkin.
-Feeling shy,Laura did not talk to Ben(=because she was shy)
-Having seen the film before,I decided to stay at home(=Because I had seen the film before,I decided to stay at home)
8. Vaqtni ifodalash uchun gapning boshida Verb(fe'l)ga gerund(ing) qo'shilishi mumkin.
-Having taken his Master's degree,he applied for a job(=After he had taken his Master's degree,he applied for a job)