Present simple

Present Simple
( Oddiy hozirgi zamon )
Present simplening 3- shaxs birlikdan tashqari barcha shakllarini qo’yish orqali yasaladi . 3-shaxs birlikda fe’lning asosiy shakliga - s qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi : to work – I ( we , you , they) work , he works . 3 –shaxs birklik qo’shimchasi - s jarangli undosh tovushlar va unlilardan keyin [ z ] , jarangsiz undosh tovushlardan keyin [ s ] deb o’qiladi : He reads [ ri:dz ] . He writers [raits ] . 3-shaxs birlikda ss, ch , sh , x ( sirg’aluvchi tovushlar ) bilan tugagan fe’llarga - es qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi va [ iz ] deb o’qiladi : I pass – he passes , I dress - he dresses . Oldida unli harfi bo’lgan y bilan tugagan fe’llarga 3- shaxs birlikda umumiy qoida asosida -es qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi : I play – he plays[ pleiz ] . 3-shaxs birlikda to do , to go fe’llariga – es qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi : he goes , he does . Bo’lish shakli asosiy fe’lning oldiga do ( does ) yordamchi fe’lini va - not inkor yuklamasini qo’shish bilan yasaladi :

Ega + do ( does) + not + ing

I do not work . He does not work.
So’roq shakli do yordamchi fe’lini egadan oldinga o’tkazish yo’li bilan yasaladi : Do I work ?

Do , Does } + ega + V ?

Og’zaki nutqda quyidagi qisqartmalar qo’llaniladi :
I don’t
He ( she , it ) doesn’t + work
We ( you , they ) don’t
** Oddiy xozirgi zamonning ishlatilishi **
1. Present simple odatiy , doimiy , egaga xos bo’lgan yoki umuman yuz beradigan ish –harakatini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi .
John walks to school every day .
An atheist doesn’t believe in God .
2. Continuous zamonlarida ishlatilmaydigan ( to see , to recognize , to want , to understand ) fe’llari bilan gapirayotgan paytimizda , hozir sodir bo’layotgan ish-harakatni
ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi ( present continuous ) o’rnida :
I see a ship in the distance .
I don’t understand this sentence .
3. O’tgan zamonda ketma- ket bajarilgan ish - harakatlar :
He came into the room, opened the window and began to read a newspaper . 4. O’tgan zamondagi odatlar :
When he was a student , he got up early every day .
5. ish - harakat ifodalaydigan to leave ( jo’namoq , tark etmoq ) , to start ( boshlamoq, jo’namoq ) , to sail ( suzib ketmoq ) , to return ( qaytib kelmoq ) , to arrive ( yetib kelmoq ) , to go ( bormoq ) , to come ( kelmoq ) kabi fe’llari bilan ish harakatni ifodalaydi :
Bunda zamonni ko’rsatuvchi payt holi bo’lishi kerak :
Does your brother arrive on Monday ?
The steamer sails tomorrow ?
Past simple
( Oddiy o’tgan zamon )
Past simpleni yasashda to’g’ri fe’llarning o’zagiga – ed qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi : to work – I worked , to live - I lived . – ed qo’shimchasi [ d ] , [ t ] yoki [ id ] deb o’qiladi . Noto’g’ri fe’llarning past simple dagi shakli turli yo’llar bilan yasaladi : to speak – spoke . Past simple ning bo’lishsiz shakli fe’lning asosiy shaklidan oldin did yordamchi fe’li va –not inkor yuklamasini qo’yish bilan yasaladi :

Ega + did + not + V

I did not work . He did not speak.
Past simple ning so’roq shakli did yordamchi fe’lini egadan oldinga o’tkazish yo’li bilan yasaladi :

Did + ega + V ?

Did I work ? Did he work ?

** Oddiy o’tgan zamonning ishlatiladi **

Past simple o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan ish- harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi . Bu zamon o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan voqealarni hikoya qilishda ishlatiladi .
Past simple yesterday ( kecha ) , last week ( o’tgan hafta ), an hour ago ( bir soat ilgari ) , the other day( shu kunlarda ) , on Monday( dushanbada ) , in 1998( 1998-yilda), during the war ( urush davrida ) kabi payt hollari bilan ishlatiladi :
The goods arrived yesterday .
He came at five o’clock .
Did you go out last night ?
Ish –harakatning sodir bolgan vaqti kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’lgan ergash gap bilan ham berilishi mumkin :
He called when I was at the Institute .
Ish harakatning sodir bo’lgan vaqti ko’rsatmisligi , lekin fahmlanishi mumkin :
I bought thisbook in London .
Bir nechta oldinma ketin ish harakat sodir bo’lish tartibida bayon etilsa Past Simple ishlatiladi :
He left the hotel , took a taxi and drove to the theatre .
Past Simple o’tgan zamondagi odatiy takrorlanib turgan ish harakatni ifodalashda ishlatiladi :
Last year I often went to the theatre .
Last winter I spent a lot of time in the library .
Ushbu holat ko’pincha used + to+ V ham ishlatiladi :
Last summer I used to spent a lot of time in the library .
Future Simple
(oddiy kelasi zamon)
Future simpli asosiy felning oldiga 1- shaxs birlik va ko`plikda shall yordamida yasaladi,qolgan shaxslarda will yordamchi fe’lini qo`yish bilan yasaladi :

Ega+shall(will)+V

I shall work, he will work
Future simplening bo’lishsiz shakli shall yoki will yordamchi fe’lidan keyin – not inkor yuklamasi qo’yiladi :

Ega + shall( will) + not + V

I shall not work .
So’roq shaklini yasashda shall va will yordamchi fe’li eganing oldiga o’tkaziladi

Shall ( will) + ega + V?

Kelasi zamonning ishlatilishi
Future simple kelasi zamonda sodir bo’ladigan ifodalashda ishlatiladi :
He will returned to Tashkent in a few days .
We shall not see him till Monday .
He will be tired after his work .
They will take English lessons twice a week .
Present Continuous Tense
( Hozirgi davomli zamon)
Present continuous to be fe’lining hoziregi zamondagi shakllaridan biri va asosiy fe’lning hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi shakllarini qo’yish bilan yasaladi :

Ega + am , is , are + Ving

I am working . He is working . We are working
Bo’lishsiz shakli am , is , are , yordamchi fe’lidan keyin – not inkor yuklamasi qo’yish bilan yasaladi :

Ega + am is are + not + Ving

I am not working . He is not working .

So’roq shaklini yasashda gapning egasining oldiga yordamchi fe’lni o’tkazihs bilan yasaladi :

Am , is , are + ega + Ving

Hozirgi davom zamonning ishlatilishi

Gapirayotgan paytda , hozir sodir bo’layotgan ish harakatni ifodalaydi :
He reads a book .
Don’t make any noise , he is sleeping .
Quyidagi hissdiyotni , idrokni va aqliy holatni ifodalovchi fe’llar davom zamonlarda ifodalanmaydi :
like – yoqtirmoq
love – sevmoq
hate – nafratlanmoq
want – hohlamoq
Gapirayotgan paytda bo’lmasa ham , hozirgi zamonda uzoq vaqt davom etadigan ish harakatni ifodalaydi :
He is writing a new plat .
If , when , while va boshqalarbilan boshlangan payt va shart ergash gaplarda kelasi
zamonda davom etgan ish harakatni ifodalaydi.
If I am sleeping when he cames wake me up please.
Kelasi zamondagi ish harakatni ifodalaydi . Bunda ish harakatning bajarilishi aniq va gapda esa kelasi zamonni ko’rsatuvchi payt holi bo’lishi kerak :
They are going to the theatre tonight .

Past Continuous Tense

( O’tgan davomli zamon )
Past Continuous to be fe’lining o’tgan zamondagi shakllaridan biri ( was , were )
va asosiy fe’lning hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi shakli ( Present Participle = Ving ) yordamida yasaladi :

Ega + was ( were ) + Ving

I was working . We werte working .
Bo’lishsiz shaklini yasashda was , were yordamchi fe’llariga – not inkor yuklamasini qo’yish bilan yasaladi :

Ega + was (were ) + not + Ving

I was not working . They were not working .
So’roq shaklini yasashda was were yordamchi fe’llari egadan oldinga o’tkazish yo’li bilan yasaladi: