Present Simple Hozirgi oddiy zamon quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi

For.ex: She is a beautiful girl (what kind of girl is she?)

Shuningdek, state verbs(holat fe’llari)dan keyin ham sifat ishlatiladi:

For.ex:

Be-bo’lmoq

become-bo’lmoq

appear-tuyulmoq

feel-his qilmoq

look-ko’rinmoq

seem-tuyulmoq

smell-hid taratmoq

taste-ta’m bermoq

sound-tuyulmoq

stay-bir holatda bo’lmoq,saqlanib qolmoq

remain-qolmoq

The meal smells nice.

Note: Boshqa fe’llar ham stative verb bo’lishi mumkin. Bunda ular “become” ma’nosini beradi.

For.ex: The food grew cold.(Ovqat sovib qoldi).

The weather turned bad.(Havo yomonlashdi).

The children ran wild.(Bolalar quturib ketdi).

My uncle fell sick. (Tog’am kasal bo’lib qoldi).

Our dream came true. (Orzuyimiz ushaladi).

The house stands empty.(Uy bo’sh qoldi).

The milk went sour. (Sut achib ketdi).

She is getting ready.(U tayyor bo’lyapti).

II. Sifatlar o’z navbatida 2 ga bo’linadi:

Opinion adjective	Fact adjective
nice	size(big,small,tall,large…)
interesting	age(new,old,young…)
delicious	shape(round,square,triangle…)
beautiful	colour(blue,grey,white…)
important	origin(Japanese, swiss…)
boring	material(plastic,wooden…)

Order of adjectives( sifatlarning gapdagi tartibi).

a)bir otning oldidan bir necha sifat kelsa, quyidagicha joylashadi:

Opinion adjective	Fact adjective
	size	age	shape	colour	Origin	material	used for	noun
It is a fantastic	small	new	round	red	Swiss	plastic	alarm	clock

b)Tartib son(the first,second…) va {the next},{the last} so’zlari sanoq sondan(one,two…) oldin joylashadi:

For.ex: the first two weeks, the next three number.

c) quyidagi sifatlardan keyin hech qachon ot kelmaydi:

afraid-qo’rqqan

alike-o’xshash, bir xil

alive-tirik

alone-yolg’iz

ashamed-uyalgan,uyatchan

asleep-uxlayotgan,uyquda

awake-uyg’oq

content-mamnun,shod,xursand

glad-mamnun,xursand

ill-kasal

pleased-mamnun,xursand

For.ex: He was alone at home. (NOT: alone boy)

III. Degrees of adjective

Ingliz tilida 3ta sifat darajasi mavjud:

1.Positive(oddiy daraja)

2.comparative(qiyosiy daraja)

3.superlative(orttirma daraja)

2.Comparative degree quyidagicha yasaladi.

-bir yoki ayrim ikki bog’inli sifatlarga “-(e)r” qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali.

-ayrim ikki yoki undan ortiq bog’inli sifatlarning oldidan “more/less” so’zini qo’yish orqali.

3.Superlative degree quyidagicha yasaladi:

-bir yoki ayrim ikki bog’inli sifatlarga “-(e)st” qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali.

-ayrim ikki yoki undan ortiq bog’inli sifatlarning oldidan “the most/least” so’zini qo’yish orqali.

BIR BO’GINLI VA AYRIM IKKI BO’GINLI SIFATLAR
POSITIVE		COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
sharp		Sharper	the sharpest
deep		Deeper	the deepest
simple		Simpler	the simplest
clever		Cleverer	the cleverest
large		Larger	the largest
big		Bigger	the biggest
hot		Hotter	the hottest
thin		Thinner	the thinnest
happy		Happier	the happiest
early		Earlier	the earliest
dirty		Dirtier	the dirtiest
happy		Happier	the happiest

AYRIM IKKI YOKI UNDAN ORTIQ BO’GINLI SIFATLAR
POSITIVE		COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
active		more/less active	the most/least active
unusual		more/less unusual	the most/least unusual
famous		more/less famous	the most/least famous
difficult		more/less difficult	the most/least difficult
interesting		more/less interesting	the most/least interesting
angry		more/less angry	the most/least angry
careful		more/less careful	the most/least careful
pleasant		more/less pleasant	the most/least pleasant
exciting		more/less exciting	the most/least exciting

SHUNINGDEK AYRIM SIFATLAR BUNGA AMAL QILMAYDI VA ULAR IRREGULAR ADJECTIVE HISOBLANADI:
POSITIVE		COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
good		Better	the best
bad		Worse	the worst
much/many/a lot of		More	the most
little		Less	the least
far		further/farther	the furthest/farthest
old		older/elder	the oldest/eldest

Ushbu qoidaga eslatma :

1.Far-uzoq,yiroq Farther/further (uzoqroq) The farthest/furthest(juda uzoq)

Bu yerda “further” shuningdek “qo’shimch” yoki “yana” ma’nolariga ega

For.ex: we need further information.

2 .Old-qari,eski Older(qariroq,eskiroq) The oldest (juda qari,eski)

Elder(katta,to’ng’ich) The eldest (katta, to’ng’ich)(oila a’zolariga nisbatan ishlatiladi)

Sifat darajalarining ishlatilishi

1.ODDIY DARAJA QUYIDA HOLATLARDA ISHLATILADI:

a) VERY, MOST (=VERY), SO, TOO, EXTREMELY + POSITIVE DEGREE;

For. ex: It is very cold today.

This is most unusual (=It is very unusual)

b) AS + POSITIVE DEGREE + AS

NOT SO/AS+ POSITIVE DEGREE + AS (bu qurilma bir otni boshqa bir ot bilan teng yoki teng emasligini bildiradi)

For. ex: She is as tall as I am /me (U mendek uzun)

It is not so/as hot as it was yesterday.( Havo kechagidek issiq emas.)

c) TWICE/THREE TIMES/....TIMES/HALF AS + POSITIVE DEGREE + AS (...ga qaraganda 2 marta/3 marta/...marta/yarim marta)

MANY +NOUN

MUCH

ADVERB

For. ex: My watch is twice as expensive as yours(Mening soatim senikiga qaraganda ikki marta qimmat.)

This book costs three times as much as that book(Bu kitob o’sha kitobga qaraganda uch baravar qimmat turadi)

He ate three times as many eggs as I did. ( U menga qaraganda uch marta ko’p tuxum yedi)

d) S + V +THE SAME + NOUN(weight/width/depth/legnth/size) +AS+ NOUN/PRONOUN

For. ex: Your dress is the same colour as mine.(Sening ko’ylaging menikiday bir xil rangda)

The Amu Daryo is the same depth as the Sir Daryo

2.QIYOSIY DARAJA QUYIDA HOLATLARDA ISHLATILADI:

a) QIYOSIY DARAJA HAR DOIM 2 TA SHAXS YOKI NARSA QIYOSLANISHI SHART. BUNDAY HOLLARDA ‘THAN ‘ (..GA QARAGANDA) BOG’LOVCHISIDAN FOYDALANILADI, LEKIN AYRIM HOLLARDA ‘THAN’ TUSHIB QOLISHI MUMKIN.

For. ex: English is easier than French. ( Ingliz tili fransuz tiliga qaraganda osonroq)

This book is not interesting. Give me more interesting one.

b) EVEN/ A LOT/ MUCH/ FAR/A BIT/ A LITTLE/ SLIGHTLY/ CONSIDERABLY/A GREAT DEAL/ A GOOD DEAL + COMPARATIVE DEGREE

For. ex: This area has become considerably more crowded and far noisier in the last ten years.

c) ANY/NO + COMPARATIVE DEGREE.( SO’ROQ VA INKOR GAPLARDA)

For. ex: I’ve waited long enough. I’m not waiting any longer.

We expected their house to be very big, but it’s no bigger than ours.

d) TAKROR TAKROR HOLDA QIYOSIY QO’LLASH MUMKIN, BUNDA O’ZGARIB BORAYOTGAN ISH-HARAKATLARNI IFODALAYDI.

For. ex: Your English is improving. It is getting better and better

The city is growing fast. It’s getting bigger and bigger.

These days more and more people are learning English.

e) THE + COMP. DEGREE + (S+ V) THE + COMP DEGREE + (S+V) {QANCHALIK .....SHUNCHALIK}

For. ex: The warmer the weather, the better I feel.