NOUN
Irregular noun plurals
Birlik
Ko’plik
Birlik
Ko’plik
brother
child
deer
fish
foot
goose
brethren
children
deer
fish
feet
geese
Louse
man
mouse
ox
tooth
woman
lice
men
mice
oxen
teeth
women
Ham birlik ham ko’plikdagi otlar
Birlik
Ko’plik
fish
deer
species
means
series
fish
deer
species
means
series
Faqat ko’plikdagi otlar
belongings
binoculars
cattle
clothes
crew
eye glasses
findings
jeans
pajamas
pants
People
pliers
the police
premises
savings
scales
scissors
shorts
spectacles
trousers
Uncountable nouns
Sanalmaydigan otlar
Mass nouns
– Jamlovchi otlar
furniture
luggage
money
equipment
garbage
weather
Homework
traffic
jewelry
scenery
machinery
rubbish
sugar
Abstract nouns –
Mavhum otlar
knowledge
advice
secrecy
happiness
honesty
news
confidence
courage
behavior
information
wealth
health
education
anger
Diseases –
Kasalliklar
arthritis
measles
mumps
bronchitis
Games –
O’yinlar
billiards
checkers
tennis
soccer
Subjects of study
Unit nouns
Sanalmaydigan otlarning birliklari
a piece of furniture
a bit of information
a piece of information
a teaspoon of medicine
a block of ice
a lump of sugar
a bit of fun
a loaf of bread
an item of news
a sheet of glass
a slice of bread
a paint of milk
a bar of chocolate
a stick of chalk
a lock of hair
a length of rope
Group nouns
To’da, poda, gala
A flock of birds, goats, sheep
A swarm of ants, bees, locusts
A heard of cattle, deer, goats, elephants
A school of tiny flittering fish
A colony of ants
A gang of thieves, robbers, criminals
Ham ko’plik ham birlikda ishlatiladigan otlar
analysis
basis
hypothesis
parenthesis
datum
bacterium
medium
criterion
analyses
bases
hypotheses
parentheses
data, datas
bacteria
media
criteria
phenomenon
stimulus
formula
vita
radius
index
appendix
phenomena
stimula
formulae, formulas
vitae
radii
indeces, indexes
appendices, appendixes
Determines – Aniqlovchilar
Quantifler
Type of noun Example
all
both + of + the/these/those/Pos.Adj
half
N/V-plural
all of the tabels
both of these tables
half of those tabels
several
few
a few + of + the/these/those/Pos.Adj
many
most
N/V-plural
several of these teachers
few of the teachers
a few of those teachers
many of these teachers
most of his teachers
neither
either
each + of + the/these/those/Pos.Adj
none
N -plural
V-singular
neither of these teachers
either of those teachers
each of the teachers
none of those 3 teachers
both
few
a few
many
most
no
several
quite a few
a good many = many
a great many
N -plural
V-plural
both teachers
few teachers
a few teachers
many teachers
most teachers
no teachers
several teachers
quite a few teachers
a good many teachers
a great many teachers
a couple
a lot + of + the/these/those/Pos.Adj
lots
N-plural
V-plural
a couple of the books
a lot of these books
lots of those books
little
a little + of + the
much
N - noncount
V-singular
little
a little of the information
much
a good deal
a great deal + of
a great amount
N - noncount
V - singular
much ning sinonimi
each
neither
either
many a
N-sing/count
V-singular
each student
neither condidate
either condidate
many a young man
no
all
most(of the)
none of the
some
any
plenty of
a lot of
N - nonc/plur
sanalmaydiga
n ot kelsa fe’l
birlikda
no information
all teachers
most (of the) information
none of the information
some books
any books
a plenty of books
a lot of information
Demonstrative
this/that
N-sing/count
this book
that chain
this/that
N-noncount
this information
that news
these/those
N-plur/count
these books
those pens
Possessive Adjective
my/his/her
my/his/her teacher
our/their
our/their school
Ali’s
Ali’s uncle
the governments’
the governments’ decision
Other determines
another
N-sing/count
another problem
another + unit of
time/distance/money
N-plural
another 2 years
enough
N-plur/nonc
enough books
every
N-sing/count
every student
every one of the
N-plural
every one of the
other
N-plural
other teachers
the other
N-sing/count
the other teacher
Countable
noun
Specific
meaning
Noncountable
noun
General
meaning
an agreement
agreemants
an occasion
a document
agreement
abstract concept
all agreements
a bone
bones
a part of
a skeleton
bone
construction
material
a business
businesses
a company
business
abstract concept
all business,
transactions
an education
educations
a specific persons
education
abstract concept
all education
a cloth
cloths
a piece of cloth
cloth
construction
material
a desicion
desicions
an occasion
desicion
abstract concept
all desicion
a fire
fires
an event
fire
material
a glasss
glasses
a container
glass
construction
material
a history
histories
a historical account
history
abstract concept
all history
an honor
honors
an occasion or an
award
honor
abstract concept
all honor
a language
languages
a specific variety
language
abstract concept
all languages
a life
lives
a specific person
life
abstract concept
all life
a light
lights
a lamp
light
the absence of
darkness
a noise
noises
a specific sound
noise
abstract concept
all sound
a pain
pains
a specific occasion
pain
abstract concept
all pain
a paper
papers
a document or sheet
paper
construction
material
pleasure
pleasures
a specific occasion
pleasure
abstract concept
all pleasure
a silence
silence
a specific occasion
silence
abstract concept
all silence
a space
spaces
a blank
space
the universe
a stone
stones
a small rock
stone
construction
material
a success
an achievement
success
abstract concept
all success
a though
though
an idea
though
abstract concept
all thoughs
Countable
noun
Noncountable
noun
Countable noun
Noncountable
noun
a climate
climates
weather
a person
persons
people
a laugh
laughs
laughter
a snowflake
snowflakes
snow
a human being
human beings
humanity
a traffic jam
traffic jams
traffic
a job
jobs
work
a sunbeam
sunbeams
sunlight
sunshine
a machine
machines
machinery
Subject verb agreement
1. The number of car owners is increasing steadily A number of people object to the plan
2. Half of the money is missing
Half of the boosk are missing
3. 25% of population lives in village
25% of the books are paper book
4. Neither the students nor the teacher is happy
with test results
Students are happy with test results
5. Ali is a teacher
Both Ali and his wife are teachers
6. Not only the Minesters of health but also the
Prime Minester supports the motion
Not only the teacher but also the students
are very dissappointed
7. 70 miles is a long distance
8. 100$ isn’t a lot of money
The number of + N(plural) + V(singular)
A number of + N(plural) + V(singular)
Along with
Together with
Or
Accompained (with) by
In addition
As well as
bilan birga
Makhmud
along with his friends
is
crying
His friends
along with Makhmud
are
crying
There
is hot dog
, hamburgers and an ice-cream
One of the/Some of the
One of the – Noun(count/plur) – Verb(sing)
One of the trees is dead
Some of the – Noun(count/plur) – Verb(plur)
Some of the trees are dead
Some of the – Noun(noncount/plur) – Verb(sing)
Some of the art is in the museum
Few and Little
Few – Noun(count) – Verb(plural)
Few reference books may be checked out
Little – Noun(noncount) – Verb(sing)
Before he come to the USA he had done little travelling
A few, few
sanaladigan otlar bilan ko’plikda ishlatiladi.
A little, little
sanalmaydigan otlar bilan
birlikda ishlatiladi.
A little = enough
Little = not enough
I’ve a little money so I can buy something
I’ve little money so I can’t buy anything
A few = several many
Few = not many
You can be happy because you’ve few mistakes
You can’t be happy because you’ve a few mistakes
Only a few = very few
Only a little = very little
You are not a lucky man because you’ve only a few friend
Yesterday we couldn’t buy even a slice of bread because we’d only a little money
Quite a few = very many
Quite a little = very much
You’d quite a few mistakes so you failed your exam
A: Our lessons begins at 5 o’clock
B: Oh! We’ve quite a little time let’s have a sleep
Consequitive order
1. One + N(sing) + V + another + N(sing) + V + and + the other + N(sing) + V
One program begins in March another program begins in April and the other program begins
in July.
2. One + N(sing) + V + another + V + and + the other + V
One program begins in March another begins in April and the other begins in July.
3. Some + N(plur) + V + other + N(plur) + V + and + the other + N(plur) + V
Some students come on time other students come late and the other students never come.
The other
ning o’rniga
the rest of
ishlatilishi mumkin(faqat ko’plikda)
4. Some + N(plur) + V + others + V + and + the others + V
Some students come on time others come late and the others never come.
5. Some + N(nonc) + V + other + N(nonc) + V + and + the other + N(nonc) + V
Some money is made of metal other money is made of paper and the other money consists of
goods.
A large/small + number of + N(count/plur) + V
A large number of students from other countries attend State University
A large/small + amount of + N(nonc) + V
A small amount of rain is expected tomorrow
A large number of = majority
A small number of = minority
ARTICLE
1 Articles and one, a little/a few, this, that
1.1 Ingliz tilida noaniq artikllar ikkita a/an. Otning birinchi harfi undosh bo’lsa
A
noaniq artikli
ishlatiladi: a man, a hat
1.2 Agar otning birinchi harfi undosh bo’lsa yoki talaffuz qilinmaydiga undosh bo’lsa
An
noaniq
artikli ishlatiladi: an apple, an island, an uncle, an egg, an onion, an hour.
1.3 Yakka holda ishlatiladigan harflar uchun ham
An
ishlatiladi: an L-plate, an MP, an SOS, an ‘x’
1.4
A/an
noaniq artikllari hamma shaxsga bir xil ishlatiladi: a man, a woman, an actor, an actress, a
table
2 Noaniq artiklning sihlatilishi.
2.1 Noaniq artikl Sanaladigan, birlikdagi otlar oldidan ishlatiladi: I need a visa. They live in a flat.
He bought an ice-cream.
2.2 Butun guruhni ifodalab kelgan birlikdagi otlardan oldin: A car must be insured = All cars/Any
car must be insured.
A child needs love = All children need/Any child needs love.
2.3 Shaxs va narsa nomlari oldidan ishlatiladi: It was an earthquake. She’ll be a dancer. He is an
actor.
2.4 Birikmalarda ishlatiladi: a lot of-ko’p, a couple-bir juft,a great many-ko’p, a dozen-12ta (lekin
one dozen ham ishlatiladi), a great deal of-ko’p.
2.5 Ma’lum bir raqamlar bilan: a hundred, a thousand
2.6 Half so’zidan oldin: 1 1/2 kilos = one and a half kilos or a kilo and a half.
2.7 Lekin Half a kilo birikmasida noaniq artikl ishlatilmaydi, Lekin
A+half+Ot
holatida ishlatish
mumkin: a half holiday, a half portion, a half share.
2.8 Narx, tezlik anglatadigan birikmalarda ishlatiladi: 5p a kilo, £1 a metre, sixty kilometres an
hour, 10p a dozen, four times a day (bu yerda noaniq artikl har biri ma’nosida).
2.9 His-hayajonli gaplarda birlikdagi va sanaladigan otlardan oldin: Such a long queue! What a
pretty girl! lekin
Such long queues! What pretty girls!
2.10 Mr/Mrs/Miss + surname (UK) or Mr./Mrs./Miss. + family name (US)dan oldin
A
noaniq
artikli ishlatilishi mumkin. Bu holatda so’zlovchiga notanish bo’lgan inson tushuniladi. Agar
noaniq arrtikl ishlatilmasa so’zlovchiga tanish ekanligi tushuniladi.
3 Noaniq artiklning tushurilib qolinishi.
3.1 ko’plikdagi otlar oldidan: an egg=eggs
3.2 Sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan.
3.3Aniqlovchisiz kelgan ovqatlanish paytlari oldidan: We have breakfast at eight. He gave us a
good breakfast.
3.4 ovqatlanish paytlaridan oldin noniq artikl ishlatilishi mumkin agar maxsus biron kishining
sharafiga tuzaladigan bo’lsa: I was invited to dinner. (at their house, in the ordinary way) lekin I
was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador.
4 A/an va One
4.1 Sanaladigan birlikdagi tlardan oldin ikkalasi ham ishlatilishi mumkin: £1 = a/one pound
£1,000,000 = a/one million pounds
4.2 Lekin The rent is £100 a week kabi birliklarda
A/an
noaniq artikllarini
One
bilan almashtirib
bo’lmaydi.
4.3 Boshqa hollardan bir-biri bilan o’zaro almashtirilishi mumkin
, One
faqat bittani ifodalasa
A/an
umumiylikni ifodalashi mumkin: A shotgun is no good. (It is the wrong sort of thing ) , One
shotgun is no good. (I need two or three )
5 “
One
’ ning ishlatilishi.
5.1
Another
va
Other
birikmalari bilan ishlatiladi: One (boy) wanted to read, another/others
wanted to watch TV.
One day he wanted his lunch early, another
day he wanted it late
5.2
One
so’zi
day/week/month/year/summer/winter
so’zlari bilan kelib o’tgan zamondagi biror
bir paytni ifodalaydi. One night there was a terrible storm. One winter the snow fell early. One
day a telegram arrived.
5.3
One day
esa kelajakdagi paytni ifodalashi ham mumkin: One day you’II be sorry you treated
him so badly. (Some day would also be possible).
6
A
little/a few
va
little/few
.
6.1
A little
va
little
sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan ishlatiladi: a little salt/little salt
6.2
A few
va
few
sanaladigan ko’plikdagi otlar oldidan ishlatild: a few people/few people
6.3
Of
bilan birikib kelishi mumin: Sugar? ~ A little, please. Only a few of these are any good.
Sifatlar bilan artiklning ishlatilishi
1
. Odatda sifatning oddiy darajasidan so’ng ot kelmasa artikl ishlatilmaydi.
I am mad.
2.
Agar sifatning oddiy darajasidan so’ng birlikda sanaladigan ot kelsa sifatning oldidan noaniq
artikl
a, an
ishlatiladi.
I am a mad teacher.
3.
Agar sifatning oddiy darajasidan so’ng sanalmaydigan ot yoki ko’plikdagi ot kelsa artikl
qo’yilmaydi.
We are lazy students. It is cold water.
4.
Odatda sifatning qiyosiy darajasi bilan artikl ishlatilmaydi.
He is lazier than her.
5.
Agar ikki shaxs yoki predmetdan bittasi qiyosiy daraja bilan izohlansa
the
ishlatiladi.
Who is the stronger of these two boys?
6.
Agar ko’p shaxs yoki narsalardan biri(birortasi) sifatning qiyosiy darajasi bilan izohlansa
a, an
ishlatiladi.
Show me a bigger bag.
7.
Qo’sh qiyoslashda sifatning qiyosiy darajasi bilan aniq artikl ishlatiladi.
The + sif.q.d. + S + V, + the + sif.q.d. + S + V
The more you study, the better you know.
8.
Odatda sifatning orttirma darajasi bilan
the
ishlatiladi.
Uzbekistan is the richest country.
9
. Agar sifatning orttirma darajasidan so’ng ot bo’lmasa artikl qo’yilmaydi.
Uzbekistan is richest in the world.
10
. Agar
most
“eng” degan ma’noda kelsa uning oldidan
the
ishlatiladi.
Guli is the most beautiful girl in our group.
11.
Agar
most
“aksariyat” yoki “ko’pchilik” ma’nosida kelsa u bilan artikl ishlatilmaydi.
The
majority.
Most students want to study abroad.
12
. Agar odamlarga xos sifatlar oldidan aniq artikl ishlatilsa, u shu sifatga xos barcha shaxslarni
ifodalaydi va undan keyingi fe’l ko’plikda ishlatiladi.
The rich have a great deal of money.
Ovqat vaqtlari bilan artiklning ishlatilishi
13
. Odatda ovqat vaqtlari bilan artikl ishlatilmaydi.
Mukaddas likes cooking dinner.
14.
Agar ovqat vaqti aniq bo’lsa, ya’ni izohlovchi bilan izohlangan bo’lsa yoki bundan oldin yana
bir bor ta’kidlangan bo’lsa
the
bilan ishlatiladi.
The dinner which was cooked by Mukaddas was very delicious.
15.
Agar biror ovqat mahali biror narsa munosabati bilan uyushtirilsa noaniq artikl ishlatiladi.
We are having a lunch to celebrate New Year.
16
.
meal
va
snack
dan oldin noaniq artikl ishlatiladi.
We had a snack at that restaurant yesterday.
17
.
meal
va
snack
izohlovchi bilan berilsa aniq artikl ishlatiladi.
The meal we had at the restaurant was very delicious.
Odam ismlari bilan artiklning ishlatilishi
18
. Odatda odam ismlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
Bunyod is very clever boy.
19
. Agar ikkita bir xil odamning ismi izohlovchi bilan bo’lsa, ikkiovi bilan ham aniq artikl ishlatiladi.
I know the Alisher Komilov who is a teacher, but I know the Ali.Kom. who is a president.
20
. Agar ikkita bir xil odamning ismidan bizga ma’lumini (mashhuri) ifodalashda aniq artikl
ishlatiladi, noma’lumida esa artikl yo’q.
Yesterday I saw Islom Karimov, but not the Islom Karimov.
21
. Agar (qandaydir) odamning ismi bilan 1 bir degan ma’no bilan ishlatilsa noaniq artikl ishlatiladi.
Mikaddas! AGulchatoy is calling you.
22
. Agar mashhur bo’lmagan odamning ismi izohlovchi bilan berilsa izohlovchidan oldin noaniq
artikl ishlatiladi.
Nodir, a student from Uzbekistan, plays tennis well.
23
. Agar mashhur odamning ismi izohlovchi bilan berilsa, izohlovchidan oldin
the
ishlatiladi.
A. Navoiy, the great uzbek poet, died in 1501.
24.
Agar
man
so’zi “inson(insoniyat)” ma’nosida kelsa artiklsiz ishlatiladi, odatda katta harflar bilan
yoziladi.
Man exposes, God disposes.
25
. Bir ism butun bir oilani ifodalasa
the
ishlatiladi.
The Kudratovs are celebrating their son’s birthday.
26
. Agar biror ism oldidan
certain
kelsa, uning oldidan
a, an
ishlatiladi.
I heard it from a certain Alisher Komilov.
Geografik joylar
27
. Odatda davlatlar nomlari bilan artikl yo’q.
Uzbekistan is the richest country in the world.
28
. Ismidan birlashgan yoki ittifoq degan so’zlari bo’lgan davlatlar nomi bilan
the
ishlatiladi.
The USA; The UK; The UAE; The USSR
29
. Agar davlat tizimi bilan berilsa, ya’ni
the…of
- aniq artikl ishlatiladi.
The republic of Uzbekistan; The islamik republic of Iran.
30
. Quyidagi joylar nomi oldidan istisno tariqasida doim aniq artikl ishlatiladi.
Ukraine, Netherlands, Kongo, Ruhr, Riviera, Yemen, Sudan, Red Square, Senegal, Vatican, Kemline,
Halkland
31
. Agar davlatning oldidan sifat kelsa
a, an
ishlatiladi
After returning from the US, you can see a new Uzbekistan.
32
. Ixtiyoriy davlatning oldidan
the
ishlatiladi agar uning davri aniq bo’lsa
The Russia of the middle ages.
The France of 19 century.
33
. Okean, dengiz, daryo, ko’l, kanallar va cho’llar oldidan odatda
the
ishlatiladi.
The Atlantic, The Black Sea, The Sahara
34
. Agar ko’llar nomida
lake
so’zi ishlatilsa artikl qo’yilmaydi
Lake Ohio, Lake Ladoga
35
. Tog’ tizmalari oldidan
the
ishlatiladi
The Tibet, The Himalayas
36
. Cho’qqilar oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi.
Everest Mount, Mount Elburs
37
. Agar bitta orol bitta nom bilan atalsa artikl qo’yilmaydi.
Madagascar
38
. Agar bir nechta orol bitta nom bilan atalsa
the
ishlatiladi.
The Kurils(The Kuril Islands), The British Isles.
39
. Bir nechta ko’l bitta nom bilan atalsa
the
ishlatiladi
The Great Lakes
40
. Kanallar va bo’g’ozlar(
strait
) nomlari bilan
the
ishlatiladi.
The Magellan Strait, The Bering
41
. Agar yarim orollarda
peninsula
so’zi bo’lmasa artikl qo’yilmaydi.
Scandinavia, Indo-China
42
. Qo’ltiq nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
Bay-qo’ltiq
Hudzon bay, baffin bay
43
. Sharshara va dovonlar nomlari
the
bilan ishlatiladi.
The Victoria fall, The Niagara
The Kamchik Pass, The Djizak Pass
44
. Agar tillarda
language
so’zi bo’lmasa artikl qo’yilmaydi
English, Uzbek, Russia
45
. Agar tillarda
language
so’zi bo’lsa
the
ishlatiladi
The English language.
46
. Agar ikkita bir xil til qiyoslansa yoki izohlovchi bilan berilsa
language
bo’lmasa ham
the
ishlatiladi.
The English of England is different from the English of Amerika.
47
. Odatda dunyo yo’nalishlari bilan
the
ishlatiladi
The North, The South, The East, The West
48
. Istisno. From East to West, from North to South deganda artikl ishlatilmaydi.
49
. Materik va qitalar oldidan artikl qo’yilmaydi
Africa, North America
50
. Agar qit’a davlatlari desak
the
ishlatiladi.
The European countries. Continent
51
. Shartli ravishda bo’lingan dunyo qismlari bilan artikl ishlatilmaydi.
Nothern Europa
Istisno: The Far East, The Middle East.
52
. Ko’cha nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
Istisno: The Strand, The High Street, The Rue de Rivoli(in Paris), The Via Manz
53
. Park va istirohat bog’lari artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
Central Park
Istisno: The Gorky Park, The Tiergarten, The Snowdonia National Park, The Botanical Garden
54
. Xiyobonlar va maydonlar artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
Amir Temur circus
55
. Hayvonot bog’lari
the
bilan ishlatiladi.
The London Zoo
56
. Agar birinchi o’quv bilim yurti turi, keyin nomi kelsa
the
ishlatiladi
The University of Samarkand, The College of Art&Design
57
. Agar birinchi nomi, keyin o’quv bilim yurti turi kelsa artikl qo’yilmaydi
Oxford University
58
. Aeroport va temiryo’l stansiyalari artiklsiz ishlatiladi
Heathrow Airoport, Domodedovo, Gorky Train Station
59
. Kema nomlari bilan
the
ishlatiladi.
The Titanic
60
. Teatr, muzey, galereya, konsert zallari, kinoteatrlat
the
bilan ishlatiladi
The Khamid Olimdjon Theatre, The Tretyakov Gallery
61
. Angliya va Amerikadan chiqadigan gazeta nomlari
the
bilan ishlatiladi
The Times, The Wall Street Journal
62
. Jurnallar oldidan artikl qo’yilmaydi
Newsweek, Nature, Discovery, Florum
Istisno: The Economist
63
. Dunyoga mashhur bino va minoralar nomlari
the
bilan ishlatiladi
The Old
Istisno; Scotland Yard, Buchingham Palace, Westminister Abbey
64
. Davlat muassasalari va tashkilotlar, siyosiy partiyalar
the
bilan ishlatiladi
The Liberal Party, The National Trust, The Church
The London City Council, The Supreme Soviet
65
. Agar millat nomi oldidan
the
ishlatilsa, shu millatga mansub barcha shaxsni ifodalaydi va fe’l
ko’plikda ishlatiladi.
The English like tea.
66
. Agar mexmonxona nomida odam ismi bo’lmasa
the
ishlatiladi
The Intercontinental Hotel
67
. Agar mehmonxona nomi odam ismi bilan atalsa artikl qo’yilmaydi
Parvina Hotel, Yulduz Hotel
68
. San’at, nasr, nazm, adabiyot, falsafa kabilar artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
French poetry, American literature, German philosophy
69
. Agar shular izohlovchi yoki vaqti bilan berilsa
the
ishlatiladi
The Uzbek poetry of 19 century, the Russian literature of 20 century
70
. Agar maktab, kasalxona, qamoq faoliyat joyi bo’lsa artikl qo’yilmaydi.
I go to lyceum every day.
71
. Agar yuqoridagi ta’kidlangan joylar faoliyat joyi bo’lmasa
the
ishlatiladi.
Yesterday my brother came to the lyceum to see me.
72
. Kasallik nomlari bilan artikl ishlatilmaydi
neumonia, cholera, influenza, mumps, scarlet fever, measles
73
. Og’riqlar nomlari bilan noaniq
a, an
ishlatiladi
a headache, a toothache, a heart attack, a temperature, a boile, a duodenal (gastric) ulcer
74
. Agar lavozim bilan ism kelsa artikl qo’yilmaydi.
President Karimov, Queen Elizabeth
75
. Agar mansab ismsiz berilsa
the
ishlatiladi
The president, the queen
76
. “Buyuk” so’zi bilan qirol va qirolichalar ismi kelsa
the
ishlatiladi
Karl the great, Elizabeth the great
77
. Hafta kunlari va oylar bilan artikl ishlatilmaydi
He will give exam on Monday
78
. Agar hafta kunlari va oylar izohlovchi bilan berilsa
the
ishlatiladi
He came on Friday but he was invated to come the Monday before he came.
79
. TV oldidan artikl yo’q, radio oldidan
the
ishlatiladi
I didn’t watch it on TV, but I heard it on the radio
80
. Agar noma’lum sana bo’lsa noaniq artikl ishlatiladi.
I don’t know when he come, but it was a Monday
Bunday hollarda artikl yo’q, agar testda unday bo’lmasa a, an ishlatiladi
81
. Telefonda gapirishni ifodalaganda
on the phone
ishlatiladi
he is talking on the phone.
82
. Fan sohasi va o’quv fanlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
You are studying English
83
. Sport o’yinlari bilan artikl ishlatilmaydi
84
. Musiqa cholg’u asboblari bilan
the
ishlatiladi
I like to play the piano.
85
. Odatda tartib sonlar bilan
the
ishlatiladi.
The first, the second
86
. Agar tartib son “yana bir” degan ma’noda ishlatilsa
a, an
ishlatiladi
A first man entered the room
87
. Musobaqalarda “1-, 2-, 3- o’rinni egalladi” demoqchi bo’lsak
a, an
ishlatiladi
A first prise
88
. Sanoq sonlar bilan artikl ishlatilmaydi
Two man came yesterday
89
. Quyidagi so’zlar bilan
the
ishlatiladi, shu ma’noda kelsa.
Same only necessary-muhim Next, following proper
adjacent-qo’shni
Last so’nggi
previous
alleged
Very-aynan opposite-teskari
so-called
90
. Quyidagi so’zlarda artikl qo’yilmaydi
next, last(week, month, year)
91
. Agar o’simlik va hayvonlardan birortasi butun turini ifodalasa
the
ishlatilaadi.
The rose are my favorite flower.
92
. Quyidagi fe’llardan so’ng to’ldiruvchi kelsa artikl qo’yilmaydi, kelmasa
the
ishlatiladi
apoind, choose, make, elect, name
The Nation elected the president
The Nation have elected Mr.Putin president
93
. Odatda fasllar oldidan artikl qo’yilmaydi
Winter is the season between autumn&spring
94
. Agar fasl oldidan
in
kelsa
the
kelsa ham kelmasa ham bo’ladi
In (the) winter the weather is usually cold.
95
. Agar faslning yili aniq bo’lsa yoki izohlovchi bilan kelsa
the
ishlatiladi
The winter in 1999 was very cold.
The winter when he came was very cold.
96
. Agar faslning oldidan sifat kelsa noaniq artikl ishlatiladi
It is a cold winter
97
. Quyidagi sifatlar bilan fasl kelsa artikl qo’yilmaydi
high, real, late, early, broad
98
. Xuddi shu sifatlar kunlar va oylar bilan kelsa artikl qo’yilmaydi
He came in early April
99
. Doimo
the
bilan keladigan so’zlar
town, seaside, wind, country, mountains, fog, sea, rain, weather, night, future, universe,
sunshine, snow
the army, bank, theatre, firebrigade, post-office, doctor, police, cinema, Navy
100
.
Present Simple
ning zamon ko’rsatkichi bilan
a+time
ishlatiladi
101
.
Bed
bilan artikl yo’q
102
. Transport vositasi yoki yo’li bo’lsa hech narsa qo’yilmaydi
103
. Ko’priklar oldidan
the
qo’yiladi
104
. The First World war, World War I
at the beginning: His name was mentioned at the beginning of the story.
at the end: The index is at the end of the book.
at the latest: Be at the train station by five o'clock at the latest.
at the moment; at the present time: I don't have a job at the moment.
at the most, at most: I can pay fifty dollars at the most.
at the same time: He couldn't be in two places at the same time. At the same time, I agree with
your opinion.
at the scene of: He was seen at the scene of the accident.
by the way: By the way, where is my book?
do the dishes, wash the dishes: Please wash the dishes after dinner.
get to the point: Let's get to the point.
go to the cinema: How often do you go to the cinema?
in the beginning: In the beginning, the story was rather dull.
in the center: You see a house in the center of the picture and several trees in the background.
in the end: In the end, they got what they deserved.
in the face of: He continued his work in the face of danger.
in the middle: It is in the middle of the book.
in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening: Call me in the evening.
live in the city: He lives in the city.
live in the country: They live in the country.
make the bed: She made the beds in the bedrooms.
off the point, beside the point: This question is off the point.
on the alert: He is always on the alert.
on the left; on the right: His house is on the right.
on the move; on the run: He is always on the move.
on the one hand; on the other hand: On the one hand, I don't want to go there. On the other hand,
I want to talk to Mike, and he will be there.
on the point of: They are on the point of breaking up. She was on the point of death a year ago.
on the radio: I heard it on the radio.
on the telephone: She is talking on the phone to her sister.
on the way: We stopped several times on the way to the summer house.
on the whole: On the whole, your plan seems interesting.
out of the question: This is out of the question.
play the piano; play the violin; play the drums: Can you play the piano?
tell the time: Can you tell me the time?
tell the truth: He told you the truth.
the other day: I talked to Maria the other day.
under the influence: He was driving under the influence of alcohol.
under the weather: I'm feeling a little under the weather today.
What's the difference?
What's the matter?
What's the point?
Group 2. Set expressions with the indefinite article
a grain of truth: There is a grain of truth in his words.
a lot of: He has a lot of problems.
a slip of the tongue: Sometimes, a slip of the tongue can lead to serious things.
all of a sudden: All of a sudden, she jumped to her feet and ran out of the room.
as a matter of fact: As a matter of fact, he is broke.
as a result: All this happened as a result of his negligence.
as a rule: As a rule, he goes for a walk before bedtime.
as a whole: We should consider these issues as a whole.
at a glance: He understood at a glance what was going on there.
at a time: Don't hurry and don't try to do two things at a time.
cost a pretty penny: Their new car cost a pretty penny.
do a favor: Can you do me a favor?
for a long time: I haven't seen her for a long time.
give a ride, give a lift: Can you give me a ride to the center?
go for a walk: He went for a walk.
have a cold: He has a cold.
have a good time: Did you have a good time at the party?
have a headache: I have a headache.
have a problem: She has a problem with mathematics.
in a hurry: I'm in a hurry.
in a minute; in a few minutes; in a week; in a year: I'll be free in a few minutes. He'll come back in
a year.
make a living: She makes a living by selling flowers from her garden.
make a fortune: He made a fortune in oil.
make an appointment: I'd like to make an appointment with a doctor.
quite a bit of: We spent quite a bit of time trying to find the key.
quite a few: There were quite a few people there.
take a break: Let's take a ten-minute break.
tell a joke; tell a story: He told me a very funny story.
tell a lie: He told you a lie.
Group 3. Set expressions without any article
at best: It will give us three or four days at best.
at first: At first he refused to go with us.
at first sight: It was love at first sight.
at home; at school; at work: She is at home. Her son is at school. Her husband is at work.
at last: We are free at last!
at least: I need at least two days to prepare for the meeting.
at noon; at night; at midnight: Her train arrives at noon.
at once: Ask him to come at once.
at present (but: at the present time): We don't have a car at present.
at times: He feels worse at times.
by chance: I met him by chance.
by heart: Learn the dialogue by heart.
by mail; by e-mail: I sent the report by mail.
by mistake: I did it by mistake.
day by day; day after day; day in, day out: He worked hard all his life, day in, day out.
do homework: She has already done her homework.
face to face: She knows about him, but she has not met him face to face yet. We need to discuss it
face to face.
go by bus, by plane, by train, by car: We will go there by bus. Do you want to go by train?
go to bed: It's time to go to bed.
go to church: They often go to church.
go to school, go to college: She wants to go to college.
go to work: He goes to work every day.
have breakfast; have dinner: We had breakfast at eight o'clock.
have fun: Have fun!
in advance: They paid for it in advance.
in class; in school; in college: They do some exercises in class. Her son is five; he is not in school
yet. They met in college.
in debt: She is in debt.
in detail: Describe the house in detail.
in fact: In fact, he is in charge of the whole company.
in general: In general, I like to read detective stories.
in principle: They accepted his plan in principle.
in prison: He is in prison now.
in reality: He looks strict, but in reality he is a kind man.
in spite of: He continued his work in spite of danger.
in style; in the latest style: These dresses are not in style.
in time: They came in time to get good seats before the lecture.
in trouble: If you do it, you'll be in trouble.
Keep in touch.
make coffee; make tea: She made coffee and sandwiches for us.
make breakfast; make dinner: She is making breakfast now.
make money: They promise that we will make money quickly. He makes good money. She
doesn't make much money.
of course: Of course I know it! He will be there, of course.
off guard: Her words caught him off his guard. Her words caught him off guard.
on board: There were about a hundred passengers on board the plane.
on credit: I bought it on credit.
on duty: Who is on duty today?
on foot: We had to go there on foot.
on guard: He is always on his guard. He is always on guard.
on hand: I don't have a calculator on hand.
on page 3: It is on page 5. Open your book at page 7. Go to page 10. / Turn to page 10.
on principle: He did it on principle.
on purpose: He did it on purpose.
on sale: I bought this coat on sale.
on second thought: We wanted to go to Italy in summer. But on second thought, we decided to go
to France.
on time: I came to the meeting on time.
on TV: I saw this film on TV.
out of date: This equipment is out of date. Her clothes are old and out of date.
out of order: The elevator is out of order.
out of town: He is out of town.
play football; play tennis; play chess: Do you play chess?
take care of: Please take care of my dog while I'm away.
Take care!
up to date: Is this information up to date? I need an up-to-date report.
word for word: Please repeat word for word what he said to you.
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