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Политико-административное устройство США

Соединенные Штаты Америки после своего 200-летне­го юбилея по-прежнему удерживают ведущие позиции в западном мире. Об этой стране, породившей множество таких вдохновенных названий, как "Страна возможнос­тей", "Плавильный горн", "Богоизбранная земля", по-пре­жнему говорят в превосходной степени: "богатейшая", "ве­личайшая", "самая".

Между тем по размерам своей территории США не яв­ляются самой большой страной. Лидером западного мира делает США их экономическое, политическое и военное превосходство над другими странами.
США - парламентская республика, в которой власть разделена на 3 составляющих: законодательную (конгресс США), исполнительную (президент и его администрация) и судебную (Верховный суд США).
В стране существуют 2 основные политические партии: Демократическая, эмблема которой - осел, и Республи­канская, эмблема которой - слон. Президент США одно­временно выполняет роль и главы государства, и главы правительства. Он избирается на четырехгодичный срок.
Верховный суд состоит из Главного судьи и его восьми помощников, все они назначаются на свои посты пожиз­ненно. Верховный суд должен вынести решение о том, яв­ляются ли законы, принимаемые конгрессом, и исполни­тельные распоряжения президента "конституционными".


The Higher Organs of Power in the USA

By the US Constitution the government of the nation is entrusted to three separate authorities: the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. The executive power is vested in the President, who holds his office during the term of four years, and is elected together with the Vice-President.

Among the duties and powers of the President listed by the Constitution are the following: the President is С in-Chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties and appoints ambassadors to foreign powers as well as other high officers of the United States. Within his competence is also the lity for taking care that the laws be faithfully executed. From this one can see that the Constitution gives the President some measure of control of the military establishment, imposes upon him a responsibility for foreign policy and assigns to him the obligation to administer federal programmes.
The administrative business of the nation is conducted by Secretaries who form the Cabinet. They are appointed by the President but their nomination must be confirmed by the Senate. The Cabinet is a kind of an advisory group to the President which has developed by custom rather than by the provisions of the Constitution. The Vice-President likewise participates in the cabinet meetings. The cabinet members are: the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Postmaster General, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labour, and the Secretaries of Health, Education and Welfare. As chief executive officer, the President can at his discretion remove any Secretary.
The Executive Office of the President is represented by a group of agencies. First of all, these are: the White House Office, the Bureau of the Budget, the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Council of Economic Advisers, and the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilisation. These are not advisory bodies but the bodies which carry out administrative functions.
The whole legislative power in the USA is vested in the Congress. There are two chambers in the US Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Besides the legislative function the Senate is entrusted with the power of ratifying or rejecting all treaties made by the President.


Questions:
1. Who is the executive power in the USA vested in?

2. 
   What duties and powers of the President are listed by the Constitution?
   
3. 
   Who forms the Cabinet?
   
4. 
   What is the Cabinet?
   
5. 
   Who is the Executive Office of the President represen­ted by? ■
   
6. 
   Which bodies carry out administrative functions?
   

Vocabulary:
to vest in - наделять, облекать
executive power - исполнительная власть
to make treaties - заключать договоры
officer- должностное лицо
chief executive - глава государства
advisory - совещательный
chamber - палата
treaty - договор