Praise belongs to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad



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Imam Abu Hanifa

fuqaha’ 
of Iraq at his door, including Ibn Abi Layla, Ibn Shibrama, and Da’ud ibn Abi 
Hind. He appointed each of them to high post. Then he sent for Abu Hanifa and wanted to put the seal 
in his hand so that no document would be implemented except at the hand of Abu Hanifa. But Abu 
Hanifa refused and Ibn Hubayra swore that if he did not accept, he would flog him.
Those 
fuqaha’ 
said to him, “We beseech you by Allah not to destroy yourself. We are your brothers 
and we all are forced to comply in this business and can find no way to avoid it.”
Abu Hanifa said, “If he wanted me to restore the doors of the Wasit Mosque for him I would not 
undertake to do it. What should I do when he wants me to write that a man should have his head cut 
off and seal the document? By Allah, I will never become involved in that!”
“Let your companion alone.” said Ibn Abi Layla to the others. “He is right and others are wrong.”
The authorities imprisoned Abu Hanifa and he was flogged on consecutive days. The flogger came 
to Ibn Hubayra and told him, “The man will die.”
Ibn Hubayra said, “Tell him: ‘We will banish anyone who lies to us.’”
He asked Abu Hanifa to submit but he said, “If he were to ask me to restore the doors of the mosque 
for him, I would not do it.”
Then the flogger met with Ibn Hubayra again who said, “Is there no sincere adviser of this prisoner 
to ask me for a reprieve which we can grant him?”
That was mentioned to Abu Hanifa who said, “Let me consult my brothers.” He did so and Ibn 
Hubayra commanded that he be let go and he went Makka in 139 AH. He remained in Makka until 
the Abbasids came and then returned to Kufa during the time of al-Mansur.” 
So al-Makki and others mention that Ibn Hubayra offered a post to Abu Hanifa and he refused. He thought 
that Ibn Hubayra wanted to appoint him to some office to confirm his loyalty or prove his suspicions against 
him. He offered him the seal but Abu Hanifa refused. He asked him to accept a general post but he refused 
even though he was severely beaten until his head was swollen and breathing became difficult for him. He did 
not weaken or weep until he learned that his mother was grieved by what had happened to him. Then his eyes 
filled with tears as he was pained by her pain and compassionate on her behalf. Such is the truly strong 
person; he is not concerned for himself but only concerned for others. 


Abu Hanifa fled to Makka after the flogging and remained there from 130 AH until the Abbasids were in 
power. He was safe in the Haram while the seditions were rife throughout the khalifate. He devoted himself to 
the 
hadith
and 
fiqh
which came from the knowledge of Ibn ‘Abbas. He met his students there and discussed 
knowledge with them. Al-Mansur came to power in 136. Abu Hanifa was in Makka from 130 AH which 
means he stayed at least six years in the vicinity of the Haram. 
It also reports in 
The Virtues
by al-Makki that Abu Hanifa was in Kufa when Abu’l-‘Abbas as-Saffah 
entered it and asked for people to give him their allegiance. 
When Abu’l-‘Abbas came to Kufa, he gathered the scholars and said, “This command has come to 
the people of the House of your Prophet and Allah has brought you good and established the truth. 
You are the scholars and it is more proper for you to assist it. You will have gifts, honour and 
hospitality from the property of Allah as you wish. So pledge allegiance to your Imam as evidence for 
and against you and security for your Life to Come. Do not meet Allah without an Imam and be those 
who have no evidence on their behalf.” 
The people looked at Abu Hanifa and he said, “Do you want me to speak on my own and your 
behalf?”
“We do,” they said. 
“I praise Allah,” he said, “Who has conveyed the right of Imamate to the kin of His Prophet and 
ended for us the oppression of injustice and has released our tongues with the truth. We give you 
homage based on the command of Allah and fidelity to you by your contract until the Hour comes. 
Allah has not removed this matter from the kin of His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him 
peace.”
As-Saffah answered him well. “Someone like you speaks for the scholars. They did well to choose 
you and you conveyed well.” 
This would suggest that Abu Hanifa was in Kufa when as-Saffah came there and received allegiance 
before 136 AH. This conflicts with the report that he did not come to Kufa until al-Mansur was khalif, i.e. in 
136 AH or afterwards. 
I think it is possible to reconcile the two. If Abu Hanifa fled to Makka from Ibn Hubayra and stayed there 
until Ibn Hubayra and his dynasty were out of Iraq, he could have gone to Kufa when as-Saffah went there 
and pledged allegiance to him. However, the sedition continued in Iraq and matters were not completely 
settled so he returned to Makka. He may have gone back and forth between the two cities until things were in 
order in the time of al-Mansur. Then he came back to Kufa and stayed there and restored his circle in the 
mosque. His circle did not resume until things were more settled in Iraq and the Abbasids firmly established. 
That only happened during the khalifate of al-Mansur. 

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