Practice Makes Perfect
Verbs followed by the preposition
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à Many verbs are followed by the preposition à when they precede an infinitive. You have already encountered quite a few in previous chapters. These will also need to be memorized.
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The infinitive mood 325 réussir à to succeed in songer à to think about tenir à to insist on, to be eager to viser à to aim at Il commence à travailler à huit heures. He starts to work at eight o’clock. Ils se préparent à partir. They are getting ready to leave. Elle l’a encouragé à s’inscrire. She encouraged him to sign up. Tu as réussi à obtenir un prix. You managed to get an award. Verbs followed by the preposition de Now that you have memorized some of the à verbs, let’s look at some verbs followed by the prep- osition de when they precede an infinitive.
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326 practice makes perfect Complete French All-in-One soupçonner de to suspect of se souvenir de to remember to tâcher de to try to Il a essayé de faire un soufflé. He tried to make a soufflé. Elle a refusé de nous donner sa recette. She refused to give us her recipe. Ils ont promis de l’envoyer au They promised to send him to the Cordon Cordon Bleu. Bleu cooking school. J’ai fini de lire le roman. I finished reading the novel. 22·9 EXERCICE À ou de? Mettre la préposition. 1. J’ai appris faire une mousse au chocolat. 2. Ils ont choisi s’installer dans une région gastronomique. 3. Il s’habitue vivre dans une grande ville. 4. Elle nous reproche ne jamais lui rendre visite. 5. Tu as renoncé faire ce voyage. 6. Elle se souvient la cuisine de sa grand-mère. 7. Il tient sa voiture. 8. Tu lui as conseillé suivre des cours de cuisine. 9. Ils se plaignent tout. 10. Son grand-père a promis faire des gâteaux.
1. They want to travel to France. 2. He spent hours peeling potatoes. 3. Cooking is her favorite pastime. 4. Do not forget to add some salt! 5. He is afraid of burning the meat. 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 326 5/29/18 9:29 AM The infinitive mood 327 6. They feel like eating a chocolate soufflé. 7. He stopped smoking. 8. They refused to go out. 9. She is learning how to cook. 10. Try to understand the situation! 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 327 5/29/18 9:29 AM 328 The imperative mood (l’impératif) is used to give orders, make suggestions, or give advice.
To make the three forms of the imperative, take the tu, nous, and vous forms of the present tense. For the -er verbs, drop the -s of the present tense tu form.
In the negative form, the negation is placed around the verb. Note that object pronouns immediately precede the verb (following ne [n’]) in the negative imperative. N’oubliez pas son anniversaire! Don’t forget her birthday! Ne l’appelle pas dimanche! Don’t call him on Sunday! ·23· The imperative mood 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 328 5/29/18 9:29 AM
The imperative mood 329 N’y allons pas avant midi. Let’s not go there before noon. Ne parle pas si fort! Don’t talk so loud! Ne prends pas ma voiture! Don’t take my car! Ne signez pas ce document avant Do not sign this document before de l’avoir lu. reading it.
1. Prendre le train de neuf heures. (tu) 2. Regarder le film à la télé ce soir. (vous) 3. Dîner sur la terrasse. (nous) 4. Acheter le journal. (tu) 5. Boire à sa santé. (nous) 6. Expliquer les conditions. (vous) 7. Ne pas courir si vite. (tu) 8. Épeler ton nom. (tu) 9. Prêter votre dictionnaire à Marie. (vous) 10. Ne pas inviter Denis. (tu)
to be named 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 329 5/29/18 9:29 AM
330 practice makes perfect Complete French All-in-One Comment vous What is your name? appelez-vous? Je m’appelle… My name is . . . l’état civil (m.) civil status la date de naissance birth date le lieu de naissance place of birth Où êtes-vous né(e)? Where were you born? Je suis né(e) à... I was born in . . . une naissance a birth un extrait de a birth certificate naissance un mariage a marriage,
a wedding un décès a death une adresse an address une carte d’identité an identity card un passeport a passport un permis de a driver’s license conduire un certificat de a vaccination vaccination certificate célibataire single marié(e) married séparé(e) separated divorcé(e) divorced veuf, veuve widow, widower une parenté a kinship un lien de parenté a family tie un arbre a family tree généalogique un(e) ancêtre an ancestor signer to sign cocher to check off Irregular imperative forms Some imperatives are irregular. Let’s take a look at être, avoir, and savoir. être to be sois be soyons let’s be soyez be avoir to have aie have ayons let’s have ayez have savoir to know sache know sachons let’s know sachez know The irregular verb vouloir (to want) is used only in the vous imperative form. Veuillez accepter mes excuses! Please accept my excuses! Sois sage! Be good! Aie plus de patience! Have more patience! Sachez que je suis avec vous! Be aware (Know that) I am with you! Ne soyez pas si rigide! Don’t be so rigid! Veuillez signer le contrat. Please sign the contract. The position of object pronouns with the imperative In the affirmative imperative the object pronoun follows the verb and is joined to it by a hyphen (me becomes moi). Attendez-moi! Wait for me! Regarde-nous! Look at us! 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 330 5/29/18 9:29 AM The imperative mood 331 Aidez-les! Help them! Demande-lui! Ask him! Allons-y! Let’s go! Allez-y! Go ahead! Excusez-moi! Excuse me! Tenez-moi au courant! Keep me posted! Prévenez-moi! Inform me! Faites-moi confiance! Trust me! Bois-en! Drink some! Laissez-moi tranquille! Leave me alone! Note: If the familiar command is followed by the pronouns y or en, all -er ending verbs and those -ir ending verbs that are conjugated like -er verbs in the present tense (ouvrir, souffrir, and offrir) retain the -s in the second-person singular for phonetic reasons. Don’t forget to make the liaison sound [z] between the -s and y or en. Vas-y!
Manges-en! Eat some! Restes-y! Stay there! Ouvres-en! Open some! Profites-en! Make the most of it! 23·2 EXERCICE Comment dit-on en français? 1. Listen to me (fam.)! 2. Trust me (fam.)! 3. Follow me (pol.)! 4. Let’s hope so (le)! 5. Ask her (pol.)! 6. Go ahead (fam.)! 7. Help me (fam.)! 8. Phone them (pol.)! 9. Pass me (fam.) the salt! 10. Buy some (fam.)! 11. Do it (pol.)! 12. Keep me posted (fam.)! 13. Excuse me (fam.)! 14. Wait for me (fam.)! 15. Look at her (fam.)! 16. Try it (pol.)! 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 331 5/29/18 9:29 AM
332 practice makes perfect Complete French All-in-One If there are two object pronouns with the imperative form, the direct object pronoun pre- cedes the indirect object pronoun, but y and en always come last. The pronouns are joined to each other and to the verb by a hyphen. Note that before en, moi becomes m’. Dis-le-moi! Tell me! Donnez-m’en! Give me some! Donnez-les-leur! Give them to them! Passez-le-moi! Let me talk to him! (on the phone) Dites-le-lui! Say it to him! Emmène-les-y! Take them there! 23·3 EXERCICE Comment dit-on en français? 1. Give (fam.) it (masc.) to them! 2. Put (pol.) them there! 3. Give (pol.) him some! 4. Bring (pol.) it (masc.) to me! 5. Show (pol.) it (fem.) to them! 6. Lend (fam.) me some! In the negative imperative, the object pronoun or pronouns precede the verb. There is no hyphen. Ne le regarde pas! Don’t look at him! N’y pensez plus! Don’t think of it any more! 23·4 EXERCICE Comment dit-on en français? 1. Don’t leave (fam.) (quitter) me! 2. Don’t believe (pol.) her! 3. Don’t disturb (pol.) us! 4. Don’t answer (fam.) him! 5. Don’t make (pol.) me laugh! 6. Don’t listen (fam.) to them! 7. Don’t lie (fam.) to me! 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 332 5/29/18 9:29 AM The imperative mood 333 If there are two object pronouns in the negative imperative, they have the same order as in a normal declarative sentence.
Ne me le dites pas! Don’t tell (it to) me! Ne m’en parlez pas! Don’t talk to me about it! Ne vous y mariez pas! Don’t get married there! 23·5 EXERCICE Dites en français. 1. Don’t (fam.) show them to him! 2. Don’t (pol.) sell it (fem.) to them! 3. Let’s not offer it (masc.) to her! 4. Don’t (fam.) give me any! 5. Let’s not send it (fem.) to her! The imperative of pronominal verbs When putting pronominal verbs in the imperative, watch for the pronoun and its position. The pronoun follows the verb form in the affirmative imperative; me (m’) and te (t’) become moi and
inal verbs, see Chapter 14. Tu te lèves.
Lève-toi! Get up! Ne te lève pas! Do not get up! Nous nous promenons. We take a walk. Promenons-nous! Let’s take a walk! Ne nous promenons pas! Let’s not take a walk! Vous vous reposez. You are resting. Reposez-vous! Take a rest! Ne vous reposez pas! Do not rest! 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 333 5/29/18 9:29 AM
334 practice makes perfect Complete French All-in-One 23·6 EXERCICE Mettre à l’impératif les phrases suivantes. 1. Se laver les mains. (tu) 2. Se balader dans la forêt. (vous) 3. S’écrire plus souvent. (nous) 4. Ne pas se coucher trop tard. (tu) 5. Se réveiller à cinq heures. (vous) 6. S’habiller vite. (tu) 7. Ne pas se tromper de route. (vous) 8. Se retrouver devant la Brasserie Lipp. (nous) 9. Se dépêcher. (tu) 10. Se rencontrer un jour à Paris. (nous)
1. Don’t forget your passport! (tu) 2. Let’s rest on the bench! (nous) 3. Bring your identification card! (vous) 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 334 5/29/18 9:29 AM The imperative mood 335 4. Tell us his first name! (tu) 5. Take this medicine! (tu) 6. Don’t be late! (vous) 7. Let’s go to Italy! (nous) 8. Close the door! (tu) 9. Wait for me! (vous) 10. Write your address on the envelope! (vous) 285-646_EM_Heminway.indd 335 5/29/18 9:29 AM 336 ·24· The present participle and gerund The present participle You have used the participe passé (past participle) many times with the com- pound tenses. Another participle is the participe présent (present participle). It is formed by dropping the -ons ending from the present tense nous form and add- ing -ant.
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