Who was that gentleman?
(qui = subject of était)
Qui dit cela?
Who says that?
(qui = subject of dit)
Qui a compris la leçon?
Who understood the lesson?
(qui = subject of a compris)
Qui est-ce qui + verb
In this interrogative sentence, qui is the subject, but the word order is the one used in the est-ce
que method with one difference: The phrase used is est-ce qui.
Qui est-ce qui dit cela?
Who says that?
Qui est-ce qui a compris?
Who understood?
Qui est-ce qui est le plus grand?
Who is the tallest?
Qui est-ce que + subject + verb
In this interrogative sentence structure, qui is the direct object, but the word order is the one used
in the est-ce que method.
Qui est-ce que tu as vu?
Whom did you see?
Qui est-ce que nous inviterons?
Whom will we invite?
Qui est-ce que tu préfères?
Whom do you prefer?
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7·12
EXERCICE
On the lines provided, write either qui est-ce qui or qui est-ce que as appropriate.
1. tu préfères, Rosie ou Chantal?
2. tu inviteras à sortir?
3. va accepter ton invitation?
4. va nous la présenter?
5. va s’asseoir à côté d’elle, toi ou moi?
Qui + interrogative sentence including inversion
In this interrogative sentence, qui is also the direct object, but the word order is the one used in
the inversion method.
Qui Marielle a-t-elle épousé?
Whom did Marielle marry?
(qui = direct object of a épousé)
Qui as-tu vu?
Whom did you see?
(qui = direct object of as vu)
Qui inviterons-nous?
Whom will we invite?
(qui = direct object of inviterons)
Qui avez-vous embauché?
Whom did you hire?
(qui = direct object of avez embauché)
Qui aimez-vous le mieux ?
Whom do you love the most?
(qui = direct object of aimez)
7·13
EXERCICE
Translate each question and answer into English.
1. Qui as-tu rencontré hier soir? —Un vieil ami.
2. Qui as-tu invité? —La famille.
3. Qui est-ce que Raymond va féliciter? —Son nouvel employé.
4. Qui cherchez-vous? —La vendeuse.
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5. Qui est-ce que tes parents préfèrent? —Moi bien sûr.
6. Qui Suzanne embrasse-t-elle? —Son copain.
7·14
EXERCICE
Complete the following questions using qui with an inversion. Use the formal pronoun
vous for you .
1. Whom are you calling? (appeler)
Qui
?
2. Whom are you inviting? (inviter)
Qui
?
3. Whom did you see? (voir)
Qui
?
4. Whom do you prefer? (préférer)
Qui
?
5. Whom are you going to pick up? (chercher)
Qui
?
6. Whom are you going to send back? (renvoyer)
Qui
?
Questions with
qu’est-ce que and que
The phrase qu’est-ce que/qu’ as well as the pronoun que express what and play the role of direct
object in a sentence.
Qu’est-ce que/qu’ + subject + verb
In this interrogative sentence, the phrase qu’est-ce que (what) is followed by a subject and a verb.
Qu’est-ce qu’Anne fait?
What is Anne doing?
Qu’ est-ce que tu désires?
What do you want ?
Qu’est-ce que nous allons manger?
What are we going to eat?
Que/Qu’ + verb + subject
In this interrogative sentence, que (what) is followed by a verb and a subject.
Que fait Anne?
What is Anne doing?
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(The noun, Anne, and the verb, fait, have been inverted.)
Que désires-tu? What
would you like?
Qu’allons-nous manger?
What are we going to eat?
7·15
EXERCICE
Write the letter of the phrase that completes each question on the lines provided.
1. Qu’est-ce que...recevoir comme cadeaux?
a. vous dites
2. Qu’est-ce que...vous offrent?
b. vous faites
3. Qu’est-ce que...quand on vous donne un cadeau?
c. vous aimez
4. Qu’est-ce que...pour vous amuser?
d. vous n’aimez pas
5. Qu’est-ce que...faire le jour de votre anniversaire?
e. vos parents
7·16
EXERCICE
Rewrite the questions from the previous exercise using que/qu’ instead of qu’est-ce que.
1. Qu’
?
2. Que
?
3. Que
?
4. Que
?
5. Que
?
Questions with
qu’est-ce qui
The phrase qu’est-ce qui is used to express what. It plays the role of subject in the sentence.
Qu’est-ce qui arrive?
What is happening?
Qu’est-ce qui s’est passé?
What happened?
Qu’est-ce qui prouve ce fait?
What proves this fact?
7·17
EXERCICE
Use Que/Qu’, Qu’est-ce que, or Qu’est-ce qui to complete each question.
1. regardes-tu?
2. apportes-tu?
3. Joseph aime faire?
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4. tu vas donner à ta mère?
5. ne va pas?
6. fait-il?
Questions with interrogative adverbs
With the interrogative adverbs pourquoi (why), comment (how), quand (when), combien de (how
many/ how much), and où ( where), French uses the following methods to create interrogative
sentences:
Interrogative adverb +
est-ce que + word order of simple
declarative sentence
In the following questions, the interrogative adverb is followed by the phrase est-ce que, the sub-
ject, and the verb.
Pourquoi est-ce que Patrick n’aime pas
Why doesn’t Patrick like his work?
son travail?
Comment est-ce que tu vas? How
are you?
Quand est-ce que tu vas au travail?
When are you going to work?
Combien de jours est-ce que tu resteras?
How many days will you stay?
Où est-ce qu’Anne va avec tous ces livres?
Where is Anne going with all those books?
Où est-ce qu’elle habite?
Where does she live?
Interrogative adverb + word order appropriate to inversion method
In using this method, apply what you have previously learned about the inversion method
(remember not to invert a noun-subject with the verb; instead add a hyphen and a subject pro-
noun after the verb).
Pourquoi Patrick n’aime-t-il pas son travail? Why doesn’t Patrick like his work?
Comment vas-tu?
How are you?
Quand vas-tu au travail?
When do you go to work?
Combien de jours resteras-tu?
How many days will you stay?
Où Anne va-t-elle avec tous ces livres?
Where does Anne go with all these books?
Où habite-t-elle?
Where does she live?
Interrogative adverb + word order of simple declarative sentence
Using this method means simply adding the interrogative adverb to the declarative sentence and
using a higher pitch intonation at the end of the sentence. This is used in very familiar settings
only.
Pourquoi Patrick n’aime pas son travail?
Why doesn’t Patrick like his work?
Note in the following sentences that the words comment, quand, combien de jours, and où
can be placed at the head of the question or after the verb:
Comment tu vas?
How are you?
Tu vas comment?
How are you?
Quand tu vas au travail?
When do you go to work?
Tu vas au travail quand?
When do you go to work?
Combien de jours tu resteras?
How many days will you stay?
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7·18
EXERCICE
Arranging the sentence fragments provided in the appropriate order, write questions to be
used in familiar settings. Do not use est-ce que, and do not make an inversion, but
remember to use a question mark.
1. tu / vas / où / maintenant
2. vas / tu / comment / au travail
3. rentres / quand / tu / aujourd’hui
4. ne manges pas / pourquoi / tu
5. combien de cafés / veux / tu
6. ça / va / comment
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