More French nouns and their gender
43
Animal couples with different root words
Some male and female nouns of animals are totally different, just as in English:
bélier/brebis
ram/ewe dindon/dinde
turkey/turkey hen
bouc/chèvre
goat/she-goat jars/oie
gander/goose
canard/cane
duck/female duck porc/truie
hog/sow
cerf/biche
stag/doe sanglier/laie
wild boar/wild sow
cheval/jument
horse/mare singe/guenon
monkey/female monkey
coq/poule
rooster/hen taureau/vache
bull/cow
Épicène
Most names of animals are épicène. This strange-sounding word comes from the Greek epikoi-
nos, meaning “common.”
Épicène nouns work with either gender. To differentiate between the
two sexes, you add mâle or femelle. Here are some masculine names:
aigle
eagle faucon
falcon mille-pattes
millipede
blaireau
badger gorille
gorilla oiseau bird
brochet
pike guépard
cheetah panda panda
cachalot
sperm whale hanneton
cockchafer papillon
butterfly
canari
canary hibou owl perroquet
parrot
castor
beaver hippocampe
sea horse phoque
seal
cochon
pig hippopotame
hippopotamus pigeon
pigeon
corbeau
crow homard
lobster pingouin
penguin
crapaud
toad jaguar
jaguar requin
shark
crocodile
crocodile kangourou
kangaroo rhinocéros
rhinoceros
cygne
swan koala koala saumon
salmon
dauphin
dolphin lama
llama scorpion
scorpion
dromadaire
dromedary léopard
leopard serpent
snake
écureuil
squirrel lézard lizard vautour
vulture
escargot
snail lynx lynx zèbre zebra
Here are some feminine names:
abeille
bee girafe
giraffe mouche
fly
autruche
ostrich grenouille
frog mouette
gull
baleine
whale
grive
thrush panthère
panther
chauve-souris bat guêpe
wasp perruche
budgie
chouette
owl hirondelle swallow pie
magpie
cigale
cicada huître
oyster souris mouse
cigogne
stork libellule
dragonfly taupe
mole
colombe
dove loutre
otter tortue
turtle
crevette
shrimp
mante religieuse praying mantis tourterelle
turtledove
fourmi
ant marmotte
woodchuck truite
trout
gazelle
gazelle méduse
jellyfish vipère
viper
Flaubert a emprunté un perroquet
Flaubert borrowed a stuffed parrot
empaillé au musée de Rouen et l’a placé
from the Rouen Museum and placed
sur son bureau.
it on his desk.
Tu commandes le homard ou des huîtres?
Are you ordering lobster or oysters?
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practice makes perfect Complete French All-in-One
3·4
EXERCICE
Complete with the definite article le
or la
.
1.
vache est agacée par
mouche qui tourne autour de sa tête.
2. En théorie,
lièvre court plus vite que
tortue.
3.
perroquet de
tante de Xavier répète sans cesse les mêmes mots.
4. Je veux choisir
chameau qui me plaît pour faire un tour dans le désert.
5.
louve et
ourse protègent farouchement leurs petits.
6.
cigale chante pendant que
fourmi travaille.
7. LÉO,
chat de Mademoiselle Gallatin est un magnifique Maine Coon.
8.
oiseau qui se perche sur notre balcon est un rouge-gorge.
9. As-tu mangé
saumon que tu as attrapé?
10.
guêpe qui était sur la table a fini par la piquer.
3·5
EXERCICE
Indicate the corresponding male animals.
1. la chamelle
2. la chèvre
3. la truie
4. la louve
5. l’oie
6. la chevrette
7. la jument
8. l’agnelle
9. la biche
10. la brebis
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More French nouns and their gender
45
Places and the calendar
No, geography is not neutral either. There are rules—and exceptions. Let’s start with cities.
Cities
The masculine is used more commonly for cities, but the feminine is still used in a more aesthetic
or romantic sense. There is no set rule. You will find many examples in literature. Look at the
following examples:
Le Paris populaire des années
The working-class Paris of the
1930
1930s
Paris est si
bruyant; c’est
Paris is so noisy; it’s exhausting.
épuisant.
Paris,
la magnifique
Paris the magnificent
Paris,
traversée de fragrances
Paris, bathed in intoxicating
enivrantes
fragrances
Le Tout-Paris était
présent pour
Everybody who is anybody in
l’inauguration du nouveau
Paris attended the inauguration
musée.
of the new museum.
Tout Venise souffrait des
All of Venice suffered from the
inondations.
floods.
Venise La Sérénissime
Venice the Most Serene
Venise, la belle, l’enchanteresse
Venice, the beautiful, the
bewitching
Names of towns preceded by a masculine definite article are masculine:
Le Havre est
un grand port.
Le Havre is a big harbor.
Le Caire est
connu pour son
Cairo is known for its museum of
musée de l’Antiquité
Egyptian antiquity.
Égyptienne.
Le Mans est
connu pour sa
Le Mans is known for its car
course automobile.
racing.
Names of towns preceded by a feminine definite article are feminine:
La Rochelle est très
prisée par les
La Rochelle is highly rated by
vacanciers.
vacationers.
La Havane est
fréquentée par de
Marvelous musicians are to be found
merveilleux musiciens.
in Havana.
La Seyne-sur-Mer est
située dans le Var.
La Seyne-sur-Mer is in the Var.
The gender of Italian cities varies:
La Florence des Médicis
Le Florence de James Ivory (in
Room with a View)
La Venise de Casanova
Le Venise de Pasolini
It all depends on the context.
Usually, when the nouns of cities are preceded by the adjectives grand, nouveau, and vieux,
they are used in the masculine form:
Le Grand Prague
Le Vieux-Marseille
Le Nouveau-Belleville
Le Vieux-Québec
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practice makes perfect Complete French All-in-One
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