Poor prevention measures in uzbekistan

X. Kuchkarov- Andijan State University, Associate Professor of "Economics",c.e.s. e-mail: [e-mail]

POOR PREVENTION MEASURES IN UZBEKISTAN


Abstract: The article analyzes the role of youth employment in ensuring its competitiveness in the labor market. In industrialized countries, the employment system and the labor market of young competitive labor resources have been studied. The possibilities of using the experience of these states in order to reduce unemployment and increase the employment of the population with socially necessary labor are highlighted.
Key words: employment, unemployment, labor market, competitiveness, employment programs, foreign experience.

In the current context of rapid development of the transition to a market economy in Uzbekistan, one of the most pressing issues today is to improve the living standards of the population through the effective solution of the problem of providing services to the population and employment. By providing various services, firstly, the needs of the population in services will be met, secondly, the problem of employment of the unemployed will be solved, and thirdly, the living standards of the country's population will improve and incomes will increase. Therefore, one of the most important areas of research is to increase the competitiveness of the labor market and provide them with decent work by providing quality educational services to young people in the chosen field.

Today, the labor market, especially in the context of the instability of its youth segment, is characterized by young people who are able to further improve employment policy and work with modern technologies and equipment, strategic thinking, rapid and flexible response to changes in demand for goods and services. determines the need to ensure the flow of staff. In this regard, it is important to make science-based management decisions to improve the system of assistance to increase the competitiveness of unemployed youth. There is a need to direct this system directly to the needs of sectors of the economy.
The decline in interest of the unemployed in the services of employment agencies in recent years is explained by the following conditions:

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  incompatibility of the offered vacancies with the profession of the unemployed;
  
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  low salaries for vacancies;
  
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  temporary nature of jobs;
  
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  Severe, harmful and dangerous working conditions in most of the proposed vacancies, etc.
  

Measures aimed at promoting youth careers in the country are insufficient. In our opinion, in order to do this, it is necessary to take into account the current and future needs of the labor market, the employment of young professionals, the tools of vocational guidance, which will ensure the conscious choice of future profession from the beginning of training in secondary schools. provide mechanisms for placement and adaptation to the professional environment. In addition, it is expedient to establish a special republican scientific-practical center, which will be engaged in the study of the practice of psychological and vocational guidance and the development of scientific and methodological recommendations in this area.
Today, the mechanism of reproduction of personnel is not working effectively. This is due to the fact that the composition of supply in the market of educational services is not well coordinated with the structure of demand in the labor market. Despite the growing shortage of staff in a number of specialties, this situation persists, which indicates that the state and education structures are slow to respond to changes in the socio-economic sphere of the country. At present, comprehensive reforms are being carried out in the education system in our country, and the use of the experience of developed countries is important in determining the direction of reforms in the education system.
The role of the vocational guidance system in increasing the competitiveness of unemployed youth is significant. Since the 70s of the last century, vocational guidance of unemployed citizens has become a global trend. Of particular interest is the Swedish model for the formation of a career guidance system. The essence of the model is that the first step in choosing a profession begins in the sixth grade of school, when students reach the age of 12. At this age, the level of complexity of the school program is chosen.
In the basic disciplines (mathematics, English, other languages) you can choose general and special courses, as well as additional subjects of general description. This election will be held again - in two years. This time, students choose from a variety of gymnasium programs (gymnasium - grades 10-12). Theoretical (preparation for higher education), theoretical and practical (additional education of the student (education) in the gymnasium, in addition to the higher education, as well as several professions There are some theoretical and practical programs (these are training programs for different professions. They consist of one year of practice in production for two more years). In between these activities, there is a regular 6-week internship in various workplaces - in the seventh, eighth and ninth grades.
Internships are mandatory for everyone in three different areas (e.g., sales, looking at people, and manufacturing). Before the selection in the gymnasium, students are given a prospectus with a description of these professions, with a forecast of possible demand for various professions. During their studies at the gymnasium, students have the right to receive professional advice. During the last academic year, students are introduced to various professions, ways of studying, future prospects, etc. information about The country's higher education institutions also disseminate information about their programs. Network organizations and trade unions advertise their professions.
The practical characteristics of education in developed economies are an important factor in increasing the competitiveness of young people in the labor market. In the process of integration relations of enterprises (organizations) with educational institutions, it is possible to select talented students and hire them after graduation. For example, Lockheed Corporation has offices in 12 leading universities in the United States, where it finds 60% of its future employees.
Information about gifted students is entered into the national database, which is available to all employers. Not only in the United States, but all over the world, the highest demand for graduates of the most prestigious universities - Princeton, Harvard, Yale, Stanford, Columbia, Pennsylvania, Cornell University, Massachusetts and California Polytechnic Institutions, etc. They are the ones who receive the largest share of public funding for basic research, and students are compulsorily involved in this research, which in the future will ensure their high competitiveness in the domestic and foreign labor markets.
Special attention is paid to the implementation of active programs in the labor market in foreign countries, ie a significant part of resources is redistributed in favor of active programs (from 0.4% of GDP in the US and Canada to 2% in Sweden), which can be explained by a number of reasons. First, the active position encourages every citizen to be more active in finding a job, rather than supporting the unemployed, which, in turn, depends on the support of income through social payments. reduces (in turn, reduces state budget expenditures), reduces social tensions associated with the difficult psychological state of the unemployed (even if they receive a sufficiently high income).
Second, an active position increases labor productivity, in particular, serves to restructure the economy, thus increasing the efficiency of labor resources, because its main task is to maximize its efficiency, ie optimally match its mental and physical abilities. is to find a job as quickly as possible.
Today, the mechanism of training and reproduction of personnel in our country does not work effectively. This is due to the fact that the composition of supply in the market of educational services is not well coordinated with the structure of demand in the labor market. Despite the growing shortage of staff in a number of specialties, this situation persists, which indicates that the state and education structures are slow to respond to changes in the socio-economic sphere of the country.
As in all areas, the effectiveness of education reform is directly related to the creation of a flexible system that meets the requirements of market relations. Therefore, in the process of reforming the education system, it is important to use the experience of developed countries.
In our opinion, the state policy in the field of training and reproduction in our country should be developed on the basis of specific methods, as in foreign countries. To do this, we consider the following:
creation of stages of the education system (secondary, secondary special and higher education) that will direct young people to the necessary professions, based on the characteristics of our national economy.
Development of educational programs that allow to quickly adapt to changes in the international labor market in the process of creating an education system.


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   Bartram. D.International Labour Migration.Foreign Workers and Public Policy.UK.2005.
   
2. 
   Nikluas Steiner.lnternational Migration and Citizenship Today 1st Edition.USA.2009.
   
3. 
   Brian Keeley.International Migration.The Human Face of Globalisation.France. 2009.