Plants in the treatment of humans and animals, prevention of diseases, there are 10-12 thousand species of medicinal plants on Earth

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plants in the treatment of humans and animals, prevention of diseases, there are 10-12 thousand species of medicinal plants on Earth. The chemical, pharmacological and medicinal properties of more than 1,000 plant species have been studied. There are 577 species of medicinal plants in Uzbekistan. of which 250 types are currently used in scientific medicine. The effects of herbs on the body depend on the amount of compounds they contain. From ancient times the plants have been used by humans to treat various ailments. Nowadays, the variety of medicinal plants has increased, and folk medicine has enriched it with medicinal plants. The territory of our country is very rich and includes different climatic zones. That's why. The flora of our country is rich in flora. There are many medicines in them, and thousands of tons of medicinal plants are produced every year and used to treat and prevent diseases. No matter how rich the natural resources of wild plants in our country are, there are limits to them. Just as there is no infinite amount of wealth on earth, so there is no limit to the wealth of flora. therefore, if the naturally occurring plant resources are not used properly, these "infinite resources" may eventually disappear from the face of the earth. The need to protect nature, the environment, the proper and rational use of natural resources (forests, water and water resources, underground resources, etc.) and to preserve them for future generations is enshrined in our basic law - the Constitution of the Republic. 'z reflected. The Red Book includes 444 plants, and the Uzbek Red Book includes 163 plants, including more than 20 medicinal plants. It is strictly forbidden to collect raw materials for various purposes. therefore, it is necessary to grow it on plantations. 0 ‘Uzbekistan is included in the Red Data Book of medicinal plants; 1. Figs (which grow wild). 2.pomegranate 3. Do not disturb. 4..victorian blackbird. 5. To do. 6..types of solab. 7. Tilla color adonis and others.
.it is important to establish nature reserves to protect the plants and animals that live in the area. In order to preserve the natural reserves of medicinal plants and to produce a certain amount of products from them each year, in addition to the measures mentioned above, it is advisable to follow the following rules:
1.medicinal plant products must be prepared, dried and stored in a timely and correct manner. This prevents over-harvesting of wild medicinal plants and their subsequent removal by mold and rot or worms.
2.Medicinal plant products should be harvested according to a scientifically based plan, with accurate identification of abundant growing areas and stocks, and periodic replacement of prepared areas. If these rules are followed, this medicinal plant can maintain its natural habitat.
3. If the medicine is prepared from the above-ground parts of perennials (leaves, flowers, fruits), the roots should not be pulled out. If the underground organs (rhizome, root, stem) are dug up, they should be harvested after the fruit has ripened, otherwise these medicinal plants may not grow there in the future.
4.after the wild herbs have been harvested for medicinal purposes (especially after the underground organs have been excavated) great care must be taken to ensure that the plants grow again later. it is possible to harvest the plant from one place to several years, and it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of how many years to rest.
5. When it is necessary to make full use of the complex and all parts of medicinal plants, it is necessary to prepare less raw materials. as a result, it is possible to maintain the reserves of the link in the place of natural growth.If the rhizome, root, stem or bulb of a medicinal plant is a medicinal product, it is recommended to study the surface of the plant chemically and pharmacologically and use it in the growth of underground organs. while maintaining the reserveimportance is enormous.it is also one of the main measures for the protection of medicinal plants.
6. 6.If more medicinal plants are planted on irrigated lands and agro-techniques are created, it will be possible to preserve the natural stock of medicinal plants growing in our country. the above-mentioned measures for the preservation of medicinal plant stocks in nature should be strictly adhered to by the leaders in charge of this work and required from others as well. if all this is done, the medicinal plants, which are one of the riches of nature, will be preserved in their natural habitats for a long time and will be of great service to man. WORK PROCEDURE;
7. I.effects on medicinal plants, species and organisms are studied.
8. II. Medicinal plants are identified signs of adaptation to the soil environment.
9. III. Information on medicinal plants and conservation measures will be collected

Medicinal plants - herbs used to treat people and animals, to prevent diseases, and in the food, perfume, and cosmetics industries. It is estimated that there are 10,000 to 12,000 species of medicinal plants in the world. The chemical, pharmacological, and functional properties of more than 1,000 plant species have been studied. There are more than 700 species of medicinal plants in Uzbekistan. Of these, about 120 species of plants that grow naturally and are cultivated are used in scientific and folk medicine. At present, about 40-47% of medicines used in medicine are derived from plant raw materials. Plants are living natural chemical laboratories with complex structures capable of creating complex organic substances or compounds from simple inorganic substances. Dried herbs, buds, roots, rhizomes, stems, stems, bulbs, bark, leaves, flowers, buds, fruits (seeds), seeds, sap, syrup, stone, essential oil and others are used as medicinal plants.

medicinal plantsThere are two classifications of medicinal plants: 1) depending on the composition of the active substance - alkaloid, glycoside, essential oil, vitamin, etc., 2) depending on the pharmacological properties - sedative, analgesic, hypnotic, cardiovascular effectstimulates the central nervous system, lowers blood pressure, etc.The active ingredients of medicinal plants are alkaloids, various glycosides (anthraglycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, etc.), flavonoids, coumarins, astringents and mucus, essential oils, vitamins, dyes, enzymes, phytoncides, starchproteins, polysaccharides, nitrogenous substances, fats and fatty acids, and other compounds.
.The effects of medicinal plants on the body depend on the amount of chemical compounds they contain. These compounds accumulate in different amounts in parts of the plant. The period of high potency and quality of the drug coincides with the beginning of their flowering and fertilization period. Medicinal substances accumulate in the buds, leaves or stems of some plants, in the flowers or fruits of some plants, and in the roots or bark of some plants. Therefore, the part of the plant that is mostly rich in biologically active substances is harvested. The roots, rhizomes, bulbs, and stems of plants are usually harvested in the late fall or early spring, when the plant is dormant. The fruits and seeds of the plant are harvested when ripe, as they are rich in medicinal substances at this time. The freshly harvested medicinal plant product is moist (up to 85% in the surface organs and up to 45% in the roots). If this moisture is not removed (by drying), the plant will rot, the drugs will break down and become unusable.
Medicinal herbs have been used to treat diseases since ancient times. 3-4 thousand years ago India, China, Qad. Essays on medicinal plants have been written in Egypt. In the East, especially in Central Asian folk medicine, the use of medicinal plants has become popular. has traditions. Abu Ali Ibn Sina's Al-Qanun on the use of medicinal plants for medicinal purposes provides information on the medicinal properties of about 476 plants and the methods of their use. hoz. At that time, the variety of medicinal plants increased, and folk medicine was enriched with medicinal plants. more than medicinal plants, pomegranate, achikmiya, almond, dogbui, medicinal rose, walnut, jag-jaw, zubturum, incense, dog rose, omanqora, pistachio tree, sachratqi, choyot, shildirbosh, shilo, sage, licorice, sweet potato measles, mumps, and others. paxicarpine from bitterness, psoralen from acne, garmin from incense, anabazine from fever, galantamine from ammon, spherophysin from shingles, etc. alkaloids are obtained. From the pomegranate peel is prepared tanat and extract of worm-driving pelter. Herbal medicines are used to move and soften sputum, medicines made from jaw and lagoxilus are used to stop bleeding, pistachio buckthorn and tea leaves are used to treat stomach ailments. S.Q.
The Tashkent Pharmaceutical Plant named after Islambekov produces a variety of medicines from medicinal plants grown and cultivated in Uzbekistan. The Institute of Plant Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan has played an important role in finding and obtaining alkaloids from medicinal plants. More than 4,000 different organs of plants have been studied to obtain alkaloids, and about 1,000 natural compounds have been isolated from them. On this basis, more than 20 valuable drugs such as cytisine, galantamine were created and introduced into medicine. Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and the Botanical Garden of essential oils, medicinal and dyed plants Scientists, in collaboration with experts, are environmentally friendly in the treatment of hepatitis, one of the most dangerous infectious diseases in Central AsiaThey created the "Saffron Driver Hojimatov's Collection" made from high-efficiency medicinal plant raw materials, which was approved for use and production in scientific medicine (1997). Also, the Department of Botany of SamSU, Tashkent State Pharmaceutical Institute is studying the technology of growing medicinal plants. There are special farms growing medicinal plants in Tashkent, Namangan, Jizzakh, Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya regions and Khorezm Mamun Academy. Raw materials for wild medicinal plants are mainly produced by the Republican State Joint-Stock Concern Uzpharmsanoat, press companies and farms of the Shifobakhsh Production Association of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Uzbekistan.

It is known that everyone wears his own clothes. Clothes protect us from the various influences of nature. At the same time, clothing is one of the most important factors in determining a person's culture and spirituality. Clothes are usually sewn from fabrics. All fabrics are woven from fibers. as mentioned above, fabrics and ironed garments play an important role in human life. Because clothes protect a person from heat and cold, strong light and help to keep the body temperature moderate. Fabrics are made of natural and synthetic fibers. Fabrics made of natural fibers are divided into two groups. A) fabrics woven from plant fibers. .b) Fabrics made from animal fibers. Plant fibers include cotton and flax. Cotton is grown in tropical countries, mainly in the United States, China, India, Brazil and Uzbekistan. Cotton fiber is fine and medium fiber.

the garment industry must provide the population with quality clothing. The quality of garments depends on the development of the textile industry, as the main garments are yarn, wool, silk and linen. fabrics consist of yarns and yarns of fibers. Flexible, thin bodies that are much longer than the cross section are called fibers.

Fibers:

1. Textile fibers - yarn, yarn, nonwovens, etc .;

2.elementary fibers - individual fibers that do not break down into small parts;

3. Technical fibers - fibers bonded with pectin;

4. Yarns - fibers that are tens or hundreds of meters long.

Depending on their origin, production, and chemical composition, fibers are classified as natural fibers and chemical fibers.

cotton. The fine fibers that cover the seeds of a plant called cotton are the main raw material in the textile industry. Cotton fiber that is not separated from the seed is called seed cotton. the structure of the fibers depends on their degree of maturity. Absolutely unripe - when the dead fiber is placed under a microscope, it is flat, ribbon-like, with a closed wall, with a wide channel in the middle. as the fibers ripen, cellulose accumulates on the walls and the walls thicken. The hemp narrows and the fibers become twisted. The longitudinal appearance of the baked cotton fibers consists of flat tubes twisted in a spiral. takes the form of a cylinder with a thin channel between the mature fibers. One side of the cotton canal remains open. The cross section of the cotton fiber is oval. The cellulose oil layer of the fiber is called the cuticle.

Flax. Fiber from the lib part of the stem. flax is divided into elementary and technical types. Elemental flax fiber is made up of a single cellular substance. Technical fibers consist of a bundle of elemental fibers intertwined with pigment fibers.

Jun. A branching tumor in the skin of woolly animals. it consists of two parts: the root and the body. The root part is the part of the hair under the skin layer. The part of the body that protrudes and is made up of protein keratin. The body of a wool fiber consists of layers of shells, shells and cores. The coin layer consists of branched coins that cover the fiber body from the outside. The fibrous layer protects the fiber body from decay. Shines the fibers. The cortex is made up of squamous cells that make up the fibrous body. is the base layer that determines the toughness, elasticity and other qualities of the fiber. The core passes between the layers. It is made up of cells filled with air. Depending on the thickness and structure are divided into the following types:

1. Fluffy. 

2. Interval.

3.sword

4
. Dead.

For group I: Cotton fiber is a thin fiber located on top of the seed. The fiber separated from the seed is called the raw material. Fabrics are woven from cotton fiber. Its seeds are used to make various industrial goods. Cotton harvested from the fields is transported to ginneries.There, the cotton is cleaned of seeds, impurities, dried and pressed. Its processing is carried out in the spinning mill by various machines, ie it is cleaned, mixed, combed, made into a thin flat tape and lowered into cylindrical vesselsThe spinning yarn is wrapped in large tubes. The shop where this work is done is called the spinning shop. The finished yarn is sent to the textile shops, the spun yarn is placed on a loom and woven into a fabric. Fabrics such as chit, batiste, satin are woven from cotton fiber.

For group iI: Flax fiber is an annual plant, like cotton fiber, the main ingredient is cellulose. Height -60-70 cm, grows mainly in Russia. The color of flax fibers is from light gray to dark gray. Flax has a special luster, because the surface of the fibers is smooth. Flax fibers are not resistant to acids and alkalis. Flax fiber burns with a yellow flame, and completely burns to form ash. When the fibers are burnt, they smell of burnt paper. Linen absorbs moisture quickly and removes atheism. It also conducts heat quickly. Such valuable hygienic properties of flax allow to make summer clothes from fabrics made from it.

Fabrics have a number of properties. For example, the physical properties of fabrics include hydroscopicity, air permeability, vapor permeability, water permeability, moisture content, dusting, heat retention, penetration, and elongation. Hydroscopicity is the attraction of a fabric to itself. determined by the hydroscopic moisture formula. The hydroscopicity of the same fabrics increases after washing. The thickness of the yarn of the same products is increased by the method of double-sided combing, to which the hydroscopicity is reduced. For underwear and summer clothes, hydroscopicity is the most important property. the hydroscopicity of natural fiber fabrics is high. Air permeability depends on its fiber content, density and texture. Rarely woven fabrics are breathable. Densely woven fabrics are airtight. Cloth weaving is poorly permeable to air. Vapor permeability is the retention of steam released from the human body.For example, woolen fabrics are less vapor permeable and retain relative humidity than other fabrics. Water permeability refers to the resistance of fabrics to water permeability. waterproofing is important for special fabrics. Dusting properties are the contamination of fabrics. It depends on the composition, density and finish of the fiber.

^ Properties of cotton fabrics.

These fabrics are light, soft and durable. Clothes made of them are beautiful, comfortable, moisture-absorbing and quick-drying, breathable, easy to wash. Quick to clean, resistant to high temperatures. These fabrics do not sell, when washed, run along the longitudinal strip, quickly wrinkled and quickly ironed.

^ Properties of linen fabrics.

Flax fabrics are more durable than cotton fabrics. They are less elongated on the longitudinal and transverse stripes, stiffer, heavier and thicker. Absorbs moisture well, washes quickly. Fabrics made of linen fiber are smooth, wrinkle-fast and easy to iron.

The structure of the fabric is determined by the intertwining and tying of the body and back yarns. The structure of the fabric is influ

enced by the structure of the yarn or threads that make up the fabric, the density of the body and back, the type of wrapping. The thickness, texture and texture of the yarn have a significant effect on the texture of the fabric.

step-by-step work from plant to fiber extraction

taught to students in an understandable way. For example, where is the cotton plant?
grown, how to care for them, the shortcomings of the methods of its collection and
It is necessary to give full information about the advantages. Cotton in cotton mills
cleaning from dust, various impurities, their separation into qualities,
Explain the cleaning of seeds using film, multimedia samples
possible.
using cotton and linen woven fabric samples
to teach them to distinguish between appearance and texture
you need to be taught to pay attention. Physical, mechanical, hygienic of fabrics
General information about what properties are included and how it is determined
is given. Of course, it is better to do it in the form of a laboratory.
Why it is necessary to know the properties of fabrics, sewing from them
What to pay attention to when making products.
All fabrics are made of fiber. Fabrics are important in human life
is important. Clothes made of fabrics keep a person warm and cool
to keep the body temperature moderate, protecting it from strong light
will help. Fabrics are made of natural and synthetic fibers. Natural
Fabrics woven from fibers are divided into two groups, derived from plants
fabrics woven from fibers, woven from fibers derived from yarns
fabrics. The fiber from the plants included cotton and flax.

Cotton is grown mainly in the United States, China, India,

Cultivated in Brazil and Uzbekistan. cotton fiber is fine and medium fiber
will be Fine-fiber cotton accounts for 10% of Uzbekistan's cotton production
and is the highest quality fiber. The cotton plant is mostly hot
grown in the provinces. selected cotton seeds in early spring, April, May
planted in Summer begins to bloom in June and July. Cotton in the fall
opens as a bag. Harvesting cotton is a difficult task
is calculated. Cotton is harvested by machines and by hand. hand-picked cotton
The fiber is long in quality, ie in a thin layer.
Cotton fiber is a thin fiber that is placed on top of the seed.
The fiber separated from the seed is called the raw material. Fabrics are woven from cotton fiber
Its seeds are used to make a variety of industrial goods. Collected from the fields
cotton is transported to ginneries. There are a variety of cotton seeds
cleaned of impurities and dried, pressed. Spinning to process it
It is carried out in the factory by means of various machines, ie it is cleaned,
mixed, combed, made of fiber, rolled into cylindrical jars as a thin flat tape
is lowered. The tapes are spun on a spinning machine. Made by spinning
the thread is wrapped in large tubes. This is the spinning shop where the work is done
called The finished yarn is sent to the textile shops, the spun yarn
the fabric is woven by placing it on a loom. The main ingredient of cotton fiber
is cellulose, and the more it is, the stronger the fiber. Cotton
Fabrics such as chit, batiste, bumaze, satin are woven from fiber.
Flax fiber is an annual plant, like cotton fiber, and its main ingredient
cellulose. height 60-70 cm, grows mainly in Russia.
Fabrics
physicist
properties
his
hygroscopicity,
weather
permeability, vapor permeability, water permeability, water permeability,
dusting, heat retention, penetration, ductility and other properties
enters.
Hygroscopicity is the ability of a fabric to absorb moisture. Hygroscopicity
humidity is determined by the formula. After washing the same fabrics
hygroscopicity increases. the same products by double-pulling the yarn
thickness increases, in which hygroscopicity decreases. Underwear and summer clothes
hygroscopicity is the most important property in the range. Natural fiber
the hygroscopicity of the fabrics is high.
air permeability - a feature of the density of its fiber content and makeup
will depend. Rarely woven fabrics are breathable and densely woven
fabrics are airtight. Cloth weaving is bad for air permeability.
Vapor permeability is the ability of steam to be released from the human body
storage. For example, woolen fabrics have less steam than themselves
and the relative humidity of the air under clothing compared to other fabrics
retains moisture.
Water permeability is the resistance of fabrics to water permeability
ability Waterproofing is important for special fabrics.
Dusting is the property of soiling fabrics. It contains fiber,
depending on the density, the decoration. dusty woolen fabrics
gives the highest performance. Glass fabrics do not attract dust at all.
Carpets and rugs absorb dust very well because they are very hairy.
They are hard to clean and sting.
properties of cotton fabrics.
These fabrics are light, soft and durable. Made from them
clothes are beautiful, comfortable, absorb moisture and dry quickly, the air is good
easy to wash.
quick to clean, resistant to high temperatures. These fabrics are not sold,
when washed, it enters the longitudinal strip, wrinkles quickly and is quickly ironed.
Properties of linen fabrics.
linen woven fabrics to cotton woven fabrics
more durable, they stretch less along the longitudinal and transverse strips,
harder, heavier and thicker. Absorbs moisture well, washes quickly. Flax
The surface of woven fabrics is smooth, supple and wrinkles quickly
and easy to iron.


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