Plan: The verb. Characteristics of the verb according to the suggested criteria

ж
у, 
mean-meant, sweep-swept пи
с
ать-пи
ш
у 
 
Examples in the English and Russian languages show that at the result of adding 
tense forming affixal morphemes in the the compared languages’ verbs change of 
phonemes occurs inside the root. The separation of the added affixal morphemes
from the roots of verbs makes the latter loose their independence.
In the English language tense formation may occur on the phonological level of 
the language by interchange of phonemes inside the root of the verb which has 
also been preserved from the Ancient English: 
 
 
write
begin
bend
fall
 
This typological peculiarity of tense formation does not exist in the Russian and 
Uzbek languages, by this way only the new words can be formed: 
 
siz-sez bir-ber 
kuz-ko’z sen-son 
 
 
Tense formation in English can be expressed pure analytically , that is by 
the combination of the notional verb with the auxiliary verb , where neither the 
notional nor the function verb changes its sound structure: 
 
I go< I shall go We go< we shall go 
You go< you will go They go< they will go 
 
 
 
The rest of tense forms are expressed by the combination of one or more 
function verbs with the notional verb where the notional and function verbs are 
subjected to the complete or partly phonemic changes. Analysis of the factual 
English material shows that the lexical meanings of the auxiliary verbs be, have, 
shall, will, should, would in combination with the notional verbs become so 
abstract and they are so alloyed in the notional verb they are combined with ,that
we can consider them to be the analytical forms expressing tense forms( and the 
passive voice as we have seen it above). In combination with the notional verbs 
these auxiliary verbs change their phonemic structure expressing person,number 
and tense of the verb they are combined with. Notional verbs also change their 
phonemic structure in combination with these auxiliary verbs. This peculiarity is 
the typological characteristic of the synthetical-inflected languages: 
 

---

 I have spoken< I had spoken He has spoken< He had spoken 
 I am speaking
 
 
Differing from link verbs which are used for the formation of the compound 
nominal predicate ( I am a teacher, the wall is white: auxiliary verb to be is used 
in the function of the link verb) auxiliary verbs used in the function of the 
analytical forms are equal to the synthetic forms expressing grammatical 
meanings. Link verbs being combined wih the nominal part of the compound 
nominal predicate( predicative) perform syntactic function, auxiliary verbs used in 
the function of the analytical forms being combined with the notional verbs express 
the categories of tense , voice and mood of the verb. In the structure of the Uzbek 
language also analytical formation of tense forms are observed: Bu yozuvchi 
asarlarini yoshligimda o’qir edim; Siz kelganingizda bu asarni o’qimoqda edim 
(Past Continuous- o’tgan zamon davom formasi); Bu asarni yoshligimda o’qigan 
edim (Past Perfect- uzoq o’tgan zamon formasi). Analysis of the analytical 
expression of tense forms in the English and Uzbek languages shows that in the 
Uzbek language by the combination of the auxiliary verb edi/edim with the 
notional verb the latter does not change its sound structure receiving affixal 
morphemes expressing person, number etc. by agglutination. In Russian also the 
analytical formation of tense forms is observed: Я эту книгу буду читать 
завтра: Future Tense in the imperfective aspect .The given example in Russian 
shows that the auxiliary verb быть changes its sound structure at the result of its 
combination with the notional verb: