Plan: Phonetics and its aspects

Theme 1: Introduction. Phonetics as a Branch of Linguistics

Plan:

1. Phonetics and its aspects.

2. Types of phonetics.

3. Phonetic elements and its functions.

Phonetics (from the Greek word "phone" - meaning sound, voice and "-tika" a science) is a special science which studies the phonic substance and the expressions area of the language, or otherwise the physical media of a language (sounds, syllables, stress and intonation). The linguistic form and content are described by other branches of linguistics, namely grammar (morphology and syntax), lexicology (lexicon or vocabulary, the formation and the meaning of the words) and stylistics (expressive -emotional meanings).
Phonetics has 4 aspects
Articulatory aspect
Acoustic aspect
Phonological aspect
Perceptual aspect
Phonetics is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones):their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception and neurophysiological status. Phonology, on the other hand, is concerned with abstract, grammatical characterization of systems of sounds.
Theoretical Phonetics has the following branches: articulatory, acoustic, auditory,functional phonological. Each branch of Theoretical Phonetics investigates the appropriate aspect of speech sounds.
The difference between phonetics and phonemes
Phonemes include all significant differences of sound, including features of voicing, place and manner of articulation, accents, and secondary features of nasalization and labialization. Whereas phonetics refers to the study of the production, perception, and physical nature of speech sounds.
constitutive
distinctive
recognitive
Phoneme has 3 functions
Vasiliev: "phoneme is the smallest further indivisible language unit existing in the speech of all the members of the given language community as such speech sounds wich are capable of differentiating the meaning." So the phoneme is abstractional, Material and functional. distinctive feature. Ferdinand de Saussure and L Hjelmslev - were interested in abstract view - нечто бестелесноенеимеющ материалбной субстанции. Americans - Bloomfield and Yakobson - minimal sound unit, denyed the abstractional aspect and material was exaggerated. Jones - originated the phisical view, phoneme I s a family of sounds material aspect is exaggerated.
The phoneme is objective real, because it is realized in speech in the material form in speech in the material form of speech sounds, its allophones. On the other hand it's an abstract language unit. That is why we can look upon the phoneme as a dialectical unity of the material and abstract aspects. Thus we may state that it exists in the material form of speech sounds, its allophones. Speech sounds are necessarily allophones of one of the phonemes of the language concerned.
Ferdinand de Saussure viewed phonemes as the sum of acoustic impressions and articulatory movements. He also viewed phonemes as disembodied units of the language formed by the differences separating the acoustic image of one sound from the rest of the units. Language in his opinion contains nothing but differences. This approach is called abstractional/ abstract.
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