Phraseological units

19 lecture

1.What is a phraseological unit ?

The term “Phraseological units “ is usually used not to all set expressions but not only to those which are completely or partially non-motivated

3. what is academician V.V. vinogradiv’s classification of phraseological units based on ?

Phraseological units can be classified according to the degree of motivation of their meaning . This classification was suggested by acad V.V. Vinogradov for Russian phraseological units . he pointed out three types of phraseological units .

4. how does prof. N.N. amasova classify phraseological units ?

Prof. N. Amasova gives two categories of phraseological units depending on wether just one component or both are used in phraseologically bound meaning. If all the components have idiomatic meaning such phraseological units are called “idioms” for ex to toe the line ( to do exactly as one is told) a free lance ( a person who acts independently ). If one of the components has bound specialized meaning dependent on the second component she called “phrasemes”

5. What is the stability of phraseological units ?

Phraseological collocations include motivated relatively stable word groups. They have a certain degree of stability; for ex to take an interest,to fall in love . Prepositional –nominal phraseological units are equivalents of unchangeable words: prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs, that is why they have no grammar centre , their semantic center is the nominal part,for ex on the doorstep (quite near) , on the nose (exactly )

6. what is the ideomaticity of phraseological units ?

Attributive –nominal such as; a month of Sundays, grey matter, a millstone round one’s neck and many others. Units of this type are noun equivalents and can be partly or perfectly idiomatic. In partly idiomatic units, (phrasisms) sometimes the first component is idiomatic,for ex high road, in other cases the second component is idiomatic,for ex first night . In many cases both components are idiomatic for ex red tape, blind alley, bed of nail and many others.

7. why does prof A.I. Smirnitskiy say that phraseological units are the word equivalent ?

Prof . A. I. smirtnitskiy worked out structural classification of phraseological units, comparing them with words. He points out one-top units which he compares with derived words because derived words have only one root morpheme. He points out two-top units which he compares with compound words because in compound words we usually have two root morphemes.

8 . why do we include proverbs sayings quotations in phraseological units ?

In I. V. Arnold’s classification there are also sentence equivalents ,proverbs, sayings, and quatations, for ex ‘ the sky is the limit’ “what makes him thick “ , “ I am easy “ . proverbs are usually metaphorical , for ex “where there is a will there is a way”. Thus ,the vocabulary of a language is enriched not only by words but also by phraseological units. They are word-groups that cannot be made in the process of speech , they exist in the language as ready-made units.

9. What is the history of phraseological units ?

10. what kind of discussion of the so-called word groups as “give up” was among linguists ? they are one-top unit ( comparison with affixed words- have only one root morpheme)for ex verb *post position type to give up, to art up,to nose up.