De Eodem et Diverso (On the Same and the Different)
. It is written in the style of a
protreptic
, or an exhortation to the study of philosophy.
The work is modelled on
Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy
,
evident in Adelard's vocabulary and phraseology. It is believed to have been written near Tours after he had already
travelled, though there is no indication that he had travelled past Southern Italy and Sicily at the time of writing. The work
takes the form of a dramatic dialogue between Philocosmia, who advocates worldly pleasures, and Philosophia, whose
defence of scholarship leads into a summary of the
seven liberal arts
.
The second of this trio, and arguably Adelard's most significant contribution, was his
Questiones Naturales
or
Questions on Natural Science
. It can be dated between 1107 and 1133 as, in the text, Adelard himself mentions that seven
years have passed since his lecturing in schools at Laon. He chooses to present this work as a forum for Arabic learning,
referring often to his experiences in Antioch. He sets out seventy-six questions, in the form of a
Platonic dialogue
about
meteorology and natural science. It was used heavily in schools into and beyond the 13th century but the teaching on
natural things would ultimately be superseded by Aristotle's writing. The text is broken up into three parts:
On Plants and
Brute Animals
,
On Man
and
On Earth, Water, Air, and Fire
.
The final section in his trilogy is a treatise on
hawking
called
De Avibus Tractatus (Treatise on Birds)
. It is a medical
text that addresses disease from head-to-toe. While it has been argued that this treatise was not widely distributed, an
investigation of later Latin and French treatises reveals a number of excerpts from Adelard's work.
The remainder of Adelard's original works did not involve the persona of his nephew. He wrote a treatise on the use of
the
abacus
called
Regulae Abaci
, which was likely written very early in his career because it shows no trace of Arab
influence. This treatise is believed to be proof that Adelard was connected to the
Exchequer
table that was used for
monetary calculations in the medieval period.The work that Adelard of Bath is known for in the Latin world is his translation
of the astronomical tables of
Al-Khwarizmi
, the first widely accessible Latin translation of the Islamic ideas about algebra.
Influence
Influence
When Adelard's influence on the study of philosophy is considered, it is clear that his ideas most notably
manifested in the later works of Robert Grosseteste and Roger Bacon. While his work in natural
philosophy is probably overshadowed by Aristotle, it still helped lay the foundations for much of the
progress that was made in the later centuries. His work surrounding Euclid's
Elements
, for example, was
of great help in providing training that would help future scholars understand the relationships between
demonstrative and geometrical proofs.While his original writings demonstrate that he had a sincere
passion for the seven liberal arts (grammar, rhetoric, logic, mathematics, geometry, music, and
astronomy), his work in
Quaestiones naturales
illustrated a more encompassing dedication to subjects
such as physics, the natural sciences, and possibly even metaphysics. Adelard also displays original
thought of a scientific bent, raising the question of the shape of the Earth (he believed it round) and the
question of how it remains stationary in space, and also the interesting question of how far a rock would
fall if a hole were drilled through the Earth and a rock dropped through it, see
center of gravity
.
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