Pernilla Hallonsten Halling

Appendices

1. Constructional-typological notation

The list below contains the abbreviations used in the constructional-typological notation in addition to the conventional glossing in List of Abbreviations (see pp. xi-xii). Note that large capitals denote parts of speech, grammatical relations, and construction types, whereas small capitals denote grammatical categories (e.g. gnd ‘gender’) and elements. For details on the constructional-typological approach, see section 4.3.
/ between two abbreviations or two sequences of forms: ‘either or’ (e.g. N /V ‘either noun or verb’, or N G.MOD / G.MOD N ‘either of the two sequen- ces is acceptable’)
/ between example numbers: the two examples are the same
( ) the element within parenthesis is optional or not always attested
[ ] indicate noun phrase boundaries in examples, but also surround overlapping functions
ADJ adjective
ADV adverb
act active (adjective)
afx affix
anim animacy
arc archaic
cas case
gnd gender
ill illocutionary force marker
lnk linker
G.MOD general modifier
moo mood
N nominal head modified in attr
num number
per person
pfx prefix
prop property
sfx suffix
ST.V stative verb
S subject in pred and adv

sub subset
subordinate
indicates a subset of the category mark to which it is attached

SVC serial verb construction
tns tense
V verb modified in adv

2. List of examples

In this appendix, languages are listed alphabetically. Each language section contains examples of attr, pred, and adv when such examples have not been given in the main text. Each section ends with a table with constructional-typological notation for the language in question. The listing is structured according to the following principles:

• 
  Each numbered example contains one type of construction. When (a) and (b) examples are included, these are variants of the same encoding.
  
• 
  The function (attr, pred, or adv) of each example is indicated in the heading. In cases where two functions cannot be distinguished, this is indicated with a slash (e.g. attr/pred).
  
• 
  The tables with constructional-typological notation summarize the examples from each language. For each constructional form, example numbers are indicated with an arrow (⇒) in the rightmost column. These examples are found both in this appendix and in the main text.
  
• 
  Footnotes are used wherever further explanation is required. They serve a specific purpose here, not to be confused with how they function in the main text.
  
• 
  In the last part of each table the overlaps in the language in question are listed. This listing follows the following principles:
  
  • 
    [pred adv] overlaps are always partial
    
  • 
    pred/adv denotes constructions in between the two functions
    
  • 
    attr=pred means that the two functions are identically encoded (on all lev- els).
    

Constructional-typological abbreviations are found in appendix A. Conventional glossing abbreviations are also used following the List of Abbreviations (see pp. xi-xii). For details of the constructional-typological approach and its notation, see section 4.3.

Abau (Sepik)

(1) attr (Lock 2011: 72)

Han-o
1sg-gen
[aiai-yok food/plant-shoot
ihey

excellent

mo-kwe]
pl-top
pan
grass
po
pfv
nak-lonhiy
acc-hide

swakuwmay.
cover
‘My outstanding plant shoots have been covered over by grass.’

(2) pred (Lock 2011: 191)

enkin
man
ko-kwe
gl.f-top
aio
father
s-o
3sg.m-gen
irowp
arm
ho-kwe
gl.m-top
yaprue.

good

‘At this time, father’s arm is alright.’

3. 
   attr, adv³ (Lock 2011: 74)
   

[aiai food