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2812-Текст статьи-5666-1-10-20210908

№7 | 2021
58 
student the desire, the need to speak, and for this it is necessary to create conditions under which there 
would be a desire to say something, to express his thoughts and feelings. Dialogue speech is always 
addressed to the listener, addressed to the audience. In the methodology, it is customary to distinguish 
between standard and free dialogues. Standard dialogues represent typical situations on everyday 
topics. Free dialogues: interview, question, conversation, discussion. These types are characterized 
by different measures of the participants' activity. During training, it is recommended to alternate all 
types of dialogues [2, p. 130]. Let's clarify the stages and techniques of teaching dialogical speech: 
The first stage is training based on a typical dialogue. At this stage, the following tasks are being 
solved: 
1) automation of set expressions and stamped phrases; 
2) the formation of skills and abilities to establish semantic connections between replicas; 
3) the formation of skills and abilities to carry out the lexical-structural transformation of replicas, 
their logical deployment. 
The second stage is a step-by-step drawing up of a dialogue. Its main task is to enhance the ability 
to establish semantic connections between replicas. When teaching reactive students, they are taught 
not to repeat the lexical units and structure of the response to a stimulus, but to supplement the 
reaction with an incentive to continue the conversation. Learning incentives is accompanied by the 
installation of new interesting information on the message. At the subsequent stages, students' speech 
activity is modeled on the basis of a teaching speech situation, including such elements as the motive 
and purpose of speech activity, a description of the communication situation, and communicative 
characteristics. The third stage is training in standard situations with an exchange of 2-3 replicas from 
each side. Its task: teaching the use of all four communicative types of utterances - messages, three 
types of questions, urges, exclamations. 
The fourth stage is learning based on situations that encourage detailed dialogue; these situations 
should be as accurate as possible model of communication, reproducing such conditions of 
communication of people that cause real motives of speech activity. 
The fifth stage is teaching speech interaction: students together in pairs solve speech and non-
speech problems and group work; the technique of artificially creating information imbalance among 
students through individual work, different sources are used; this motivates the exchange of 
information to collect all the data in a common bank to solve the problem. 
In order to organize a system of works on teaching oral-monologue speech of students of national 
groups of technical universities, an attempt was made to divide the educational material of textbooks 
on mechanics and automotive industry and to identify the typology of scientific presentation 
presented in the teaching materials for this course at the initial stage of training. 

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