Part 1a text

9. The Great Barrier Reef:
A has been mostly destroyed.
B could die in the next decade.
C is healthier than most other reef systems.
D is in good condition.

10. Corals are scientifically valued because:
A they can be made into medicine.
B they provide shelter for plants.
C fish feed on them.
D climatic change is recorded in them.

11. Dangers to the marine environment include:
A warmer water.
B coral skeletons.
C new fish species.
D high rainfall levels.

12. Oil exploration:
A has provided an income to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.
B will continue for 10 years.
C although supported by the government, is not popular.
D can help scientists monitor marine life.


PART 2a VOCABULARY (1 mark each) /20


For questions 13-32, read the passage about crime. Choose one word from options A – D in the box below to complete the spaces.


Write the letters (A – D) on the answer sheet.
Are you worried about crime? I am. We read about it every day in the papers. A terrible crime has been 13. ______________, the police have
14._________ someone, he has appeared in front of a jury in a 15. ______________of law, he has 16. _______________his innocence but has been found 17. ______________of his crime and he has been 18. ______________to 10 years in prison. We are all very relieved that the criminal is being punished for his 19._________________, and 20. ____________citizens like you and me can sleep more safely at night.

But what happens next? We all hope, don’t we, that the prisoner will benefit from society’s 21­­­­____________, that a spell in prison will 22. _____________him and make him a better person. We all hope that he will 23. __________________and become like us. We all hope that when he is eventually 24. ___________ and let loose on the streets, he will be a good character and the threat of another spell in jail will be a suitable 25. _______________ which will stop him from breaking the law again.

But let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisoner may be released on 26. ___________, before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a 27. __________ himself, unable to find work and rejected by society. It isn’t long before he’s back in prison again.

So what alternatives are there, I hear you say. What can we do to the 28. _________ to make sure he doesn’t commit another crime? There are alternatives to prison, such as 29. ____________in which he will provide a service to those around him. Or he can pay a large 30. ________. Alternatively, we could establish a more severe system of punishment, including 31. _________ . But we like to consider ourselves civilised, and the idea of executing someone is repellent to us.

The answer, of course, is far simple. We need to be tough not on the criminal, but on the cause of the crime. We should spend less money funding the