180
friendship with Gaveston; the kings temporary victory over the
barons; the murder of Gaveston; the king’s adopting the Spensers as
his favorites in place of murdered Gaveston; the revolt of Queen
Isabella against her husband; her love-affair with the young
Mortimer; the ultimate defeat of the king by the force of Queen
Isabella and the young Mortimer and brutal murder of the king, etc.
These are all genuine elements of history making the play Edward
II, a historical tragedy.
Edward II is a play which shows close structural affinities
with the chronicle plays, in that it has a stirring plot with a rapid
flow of incident and plenty of variety, while on the other hand it has
points of contact with tragedy in its attempts to bring on heart-
rending scenes filled with passionate utterances, deep pathos, and
high tragic dignity.
In the first half Edward’s role is to a larger extent that of an
active participant in the action. In the second part he comes to the
force much more as a sensitive and suffering soul, and not the least
effective means of creating this impression is the entirely different
181
language, much more intense than that of the first part, by which he
is made to reveal himself.
In about the middle of the play Edward’s awakening to
necessity of resisting the Barons and the changes in him from
apathy to activity are indicated by means of a set speech containing
the great row of vengeance that he utters on his knees; so now, after
the reversal of his fortunes, his new role as a passive sufferer is also
inaugurated by means of speeches that are given special
prominence.
I have highlighted in the plays of Marlowe how he dealt with
heroic subjects that had a stirring effect on the imagination. His
heroes were Tamburlaine, a world conqueror; Faustus, a scholar
seeking supreme knowledge; Barabas, dreaming of fabulous wealth
and Edward II, with his mingling of nobility and ignobility,
reaching the heights and touching the depths of human nature.
Thus, his subjects were the boundless spirit of adventure, the
towering passions of love and hate, the ideal of beauty, and the
182
nobility and pettiness of human life. Thus, his plays are the vehicles
of the true spirit of Renaissance.
183
Reference
1.
Hazelton Spencer.
Elizabethan Plays (London: Macmillan
and Company Ltd., 1933), p. 133.
2.
Wilbur Sanders. The Dramatist and the Received Idea:
Studies in the Plays of Marlowe and Shakespeare (London:
Cambridge University Press, 1968), p. 133.
3.
Dr. S. Sen. Doctor Faustus: A Critical Evaluation (New
Delhi: Unique Publishers, 2004), p.34.
4.
Dr. S. Sen.
Doctor Faustus: A Critical Evaluation, p.30.
5.
Prof. Renu Bhardwaj, Dr. Rangnath Nandyal.
Readings on
British Drama (New Delhi: New Chanab Offset Printers,
2001), p.19.
6.
Op. cit., p. 19.
7.
Op. cit., p. 19.
8.
Wolfgang Clemen. English Tragedy Before Shakespeare: The
Development of Dramatic Speech (London: Methuen & Co.
Ltd., 1961), p. 129.