Buchara state university m. Bakoeva, E. Muratova, M. Ochilova english literature


. The Romantic Age. 7. The Victorian Age. 8



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Buchara state university m. Bakoeva, E. Muratova, M. Ochilova en

6
. The Romantic Age.
7. The Victorian Age.
8
. English Literature at the end o f the 19th and the beginning 
o f the 20lh century.
9. English Literature in the Twentieth Century.
Each period is a step in the development o f English literature, 
and each gave the world genuine works with their own fb v o r and 
individuality.


UNIT 1
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (500-1100)
For the first eleven hundred years o f its recorded history, the 
island of Britain suffered a series of invasions. The southern part 
of the island, washed by the warm waters o f the Gulf Stream
was attractive to outsiders with its mild climate and rich soil. Each 
invasion brought bloodshed and sorrow, but each also brought new 
people with new culture and those different peoples created a 
nation.
250,000 years ago the island was inhabited by cave dwellers. 
Invaders from the Iberian peninsula (Modern Spain and Portugal) 
overcame their culture about 2000 B.C., erecting Stonehenge - 
the circle o f huge upright stones. Then a new group, the Celts, 
appeared. Migrating from East, the Celtic people spread throughout 
Europe before reaching the British Isles around 600 B.C. They 
used bronze and later iron tools and grew crops. Some Celtic 
tribes, each with its own King, warred with each other, and erected 
timber and stone fortresses. Their priests - called druids - made 
sacrifices in forest shrines. The people w'ho lived in Britain at that 
time were called the Britons.
In the 1 st century before our era the powerful State of Rome 
conquered Britain. The Romans were practical men. They were 
very clever at making hard roads and building bridges and fine tall 
houses. The Romans taught Britons many things. But at the end 
o f the 4th century they had to leave Britain because they were 
needed to defend their own country invaded by barbaric people.

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