English Synonyms and Antonyms

anticipated my wish (i. e., met the wish before it was expressed): or we say, "I was about to accost him when
he anticipated me" (by speaking first); or one anticipates a payment (by making it before the time); in neither
of these cases could we use forestall or prevent. To obviate (literally, to stop the way of or remove from the
way), is to prevent by interception, so that something that would naturally withstand or disturb may be kept
from doing so; to preclude, (literally, to close or shut in advance) is to prevent by anticipation or by logical
necessity; walls and bars precluded the possibility of escape; a supposition is precluded; a necessity or
difficulty is obviated. Prevent, which at first had only the anticipatory meaning, has come to apply to the
stopping of an action at any stage, the completion or conclusion only being thought of as negatived by
anticipation; the enemy passed the outworks and were barely prevented from capturing the fortress. Compare
HINDER; PROHIBIT.
Preposition:
He was prevented by illness from joining the expedition.
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PREVIOUS.
Synonyms:
antecedent, foregoing, front, preceding, anterior, former, introductory, preliminary, earlier, forward,
precedent, prior.
Antecedent may denote simple priority in time, implying no direct connection between that which goes before
and that which follows; as, the striking of one clock may be always antecedent to the striking of another with
no causal connection between them. Antecedent and previous may refer to that which goes or happens at any
distance in advance, preceding is limited to that which is immediately or next before; an antecedent event may
have happened at any time before; the preceding transaction is the one completed just before the one with
which it is compared; a previous statement or chapter may be in any part of the book that has gone before; the
preceding statement or chapter comes next before without an interval. Previous often signifies first by right;
as, a previous engagement. Foregoing is used only of that which is spoken or written; as, the foregoing
statements. Anterior, while it can be used of time, is coming to be employed chiefly with reference to place; as
the anterior lobes of the brain. Prior bears exclusive reference to time, and commonly where that which is
first in time is first also in right; as, a prior demand. Former is used of time, or of position in written or
printed matter, not of space in general. We can say former times, a former chapter, etc., but not the former part
of a garden; we should say the front part of the garden, the forward car of a train. Former has a close relation,
or sharp contrast, with something following; the former always implies the latter, even when not fully
expressed, as in Acts i, 1, and Eccles. vii, 10.
Antonyms:
after, consequent, hind, hindmost, latter, subsequent, concluding, following, hinder, later, posterior,
succeeding.
Preposition:
Such was the state of things previous to the revolution. [Previous to is often used adverbially, in constructions
where previously to would be more strictly correct; as, these arrangements were made previous to my
departure.]
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Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
230

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PRICE.
Synonyms:
charge, cost, expenditure, expense, outlay, value, worth.
The cost of a thing is all that has been expended upon it, whether in discovery, production, refinement,
decoration, transportation, or otherwise, to bring it to its present condition in the hands of its present
possessor; the price of a thing is what the seller asks for it. In regular business, as a rule, the seller's price on
his wares must be more than their cost to him; when goods are sold, the price the buyer has paid becomes
their cost to himself. In exceptional cases, when goods are sold at cost, the seller's price is made the same as
the cost of the goods to him, the cost to the seller and the cost to the buyer becoming then identical. Price
always implies that an article is for sale; what a man will not sell he declines to put a price on; hence the
significance of the taunting proverb that "every man has his price." Value is the estimated equivalent for an
article, whether the article is for sale or not; the market value is what it would bring if exposed for sale in the
open market; the intrinsic value is the inherent utility of the article considered by itself alone; the market value
of an old and rare volume may be very great, while its intrinsic value may be practically nothing. Value has
always more reference to others' estimation (literally, what the thing will avail with others) than worth, which
regards the thing in and by itself; thus, intrinsic value is a weaker expression than intrinsic worth. Charge has
especial reference to services, expense to minor outlays; as, the charges of a lawyer or physician; traveling