English Synonyms and Antonyms

influenced to some extent by public opinion; influence is chiefly used of power acting from without, tho it
Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
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may be used of motives regarded as forces acting upon the will. Actuate refers solely to mental or moral
power impelling one from within. One may influence, but can not directly actuate another; but one may be
actuated to cruelty by hatred which another's misrepresentation has aroused. Prompt and stir are words of
mere suggestion toward some course of action; dispose, draw, incline, influence, and lead refer to the use of
mild means to awaken in another a purpose or disposition to act. To excite is to arouse one from lethargy or
indifference to action. Incite and instigate, to spur or goad one to action, differ in the fact that incite may be to
good, while instigate is always to evil (compare ABET). To urge and impel signify to produce strong
excitation toward some act. We are urged from without, impelled from within. Drive and compel imply
irresistible influence accomplishing its object. One may be driven either by his own passions or by external
force or urgency; one is compelled only by some external power; as, the owner was compelled by his
misfortunes to sell his estate. Compare COMPEL; DRIVE.
Antonyms:
deter, dissuade, impede, prevent, restrain, retard. discourage, hinder, inhibit,
Prepositions:
Actuated to crime by revenge.
* * * * *
INHERENT.
Synonyms:
congenital, indispensable, innate, native, essential, indwelling, inseparable, natural, immanent, infixed,
internal, subjective. inborn, ingrained, intrinsic, inbred, inhering, inwrought,
Inherent signifies permanently united as an element or original quality, naturally existent or incorporated in
something so as to have become an integral part. Immanent is a philosophic word, to denote that which dwells
in or pervades any substance or spirit without necessarily being a part of it, and without reference to any
working out (compare SUBJECTIVE). That which is inherent is an inseparable part of that in which it
inheres, and is usually thought of with reference to some outworking or effect; as, an inherent difficulty. God
is said to be immanent (not inherent) in the universe. Frequently intrinsic and inherent can be interchanged,
but inherent applies to qualities, while intrinsic applies to essence, so that to speak of intrinsic excellence
conveys higher praise than if we say inherent excellence. Inherent and intrinsic may be said of persons or
things; congenital, inborn, inbred, innate, apply to living beings. Congenital is frequent in medical and legal
use with special application to defects; as, congenital idiocy. Innate and inborn are almost identical, but
innate is preferred in philosophic use, as when we speak of innate ideas; that which is inborn, congenital, or
innate may be original with the individual, but that which is inbred is inherited. Ingrained signifies dyed in
the grain, and denotes that which is deeply wrought into substance or character.
Antonyms:
accidental, extrinsic, outward, superficial, supplemental, casual, fortuitous, subsidiary, superfluous, transient,
external, incidental, superadded, superimposed, unconnected.
* * * * *
INJURY.
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Synonyms:
blemish, disadvantage, hurt, loss, prejudice, damage, evil, impairment, mischief, wrong. detriment, harm,
injustice, outrage,