Conclusions
587
Figure 52.8
“Schwa box”: human vocal tract resonances for vowels.
Exercises
Exercise 1
Pick an animal to study. Find something for which you can source lots of good
recordings and spend time listening to it. Use analysis tools to plot
F
0
fre-
quencies in different calls and try to map the tract formants. Make biological
estimates of its vocal apparatus, lung capacity, and vocalisation habits, and
then see if you can synthesise this one animal as well as possible.
Exercise 2 (Advanced)
Try making animals talk. This is a sound design skill often needed for games,
fairy tales, and children’s media. A “Dr Doolittle” patch will probably be a
kind of cross synthesis where you isolate the excitations and resonances, then
impose human-like tract formant gestures upon them. Experiment with sub-
band vocoders, LPC, Fourier analysis, or any other transform you like to analyse
the data and separate the components. You will find that separating the voiced
(pitched vowel) and unvoiced (fricatives, plosive consonants, etc.) from each
other helps a lot. Mixing in the original human actor’s voice to some degree is
essential if the hybrid sound is to be intelligible.
588
Mammals
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