456
Electricity
clipping again gives us a square wave with a random duty cycle. To make sure
it isn’t too clicky when switching on or off a low-pass filter slews the transition.
Figure 39.6
Spark formant.
Electrical buzzing we’ve obtained so far is
only half the story. We need some big sparks
to make the effect sound frightening. What we
can do is fire bursts of noise or chirp impulses
into the filter shown in figure 39.6 (named
spark6format
in the next patch). This is a four-
band EQ, a filter bank designed to give some tone
to a short, sharp crack. The ratio of centre fre-
quencies is taken from a recording of a real spark
in a small metal box. Even though there are only
four bands this is sufficient to impart the right feel
to an impulse. The frequencies may be shifted by
the first argument when creating this abstraction.
Notice the relative amplitudes with the peak at
720Hz. A second gentle filter in cascade centres
the spectrum on 2
.
5kHz.
Figure 39.7
Spark snap.
Before putting together all the components, we
must finish off the loud spark generator. We need
something to drive the filter bank with. Shown in fig-
ure 39.7 is an excitation source that comes in two
parts, one to drive a short quartic envelope that pro-
duces a blast of noise and another to sweep a sinu-
soid down over the range 7kHz to 20Hz. We never
actually hear much of the 20Hz side of things because
the envelope (taken from the same line) decays away
before we get there. When fed into the filter bank at
the bottom, the result is a loud snap like a power-
ful electric spark. This abstraction, used in the final
patch, is called
snap
.
Now we come to assemble whole effect as seen in figure 39.8. Two phasors
are clearly visible at the top, tuned to 99
.
8Hz and 100
.
2Hz. Again, subtracting
1
.
0 centres them on zero (because we added two phasors of amplitude 1
.
0 so the
total amplitude was 2
.
0). This signal, in the centre of the patch, is modulated by
a 2Hz positive random source. It gets clipped into a small bipolar range and sent
to the comb filter, but also to two other destinations, a threshold and another
chain to the left. This is where we leave this signal for a moment; we will come
back to it shortly. Looking to the far top left, one of the phasors drives the chirp
pulse generator to make arcing noises. The tone of the arcing is set by a random
modulator at 0
.
1Hz. Notice the offset of 3
.
0 here to keep the chirp pulses short.
A random gate now switches the arcing on and off at around 3Hz. The threshold
value, here 0
.
005, needs to be set for each frequency because as the filter cutoff
in the random gate gets lower in frequency its amplitude output decreases.
So, we now have an arcing sound made of high-frequency chirps driven at the
phasor rate of 99
.
8Hz and randomly modulated at about 3Hz. Before sending
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