Method
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the specific parameters, exactly what frequencies will be produced. Let’s now
think of some tricks we can employ from the knowledge we have.
The Bell(s)
The method we are going to choose for the bell is an additive approach. The
main reason for that is point 8 of our model, that the sound contains a fairly
sparse arrangement of pure tones. So we will add many sinusoidal waves together,
one for each frequency. However, the frequencies are not static; they are a blend
which evolves over time with some changing at a different rate from others. So
we may need more than one control envelope.
Efficiency
Only a few oscillators are needed. Since the sparseness of the bell spectrum is
what makes additive a good choice we only need a handful of oscillators to get
a fair emulation. The few high-energy, high-frequency harmonics from the ham-
mer impact could be approximated by a little burst of noise. After that short
(30ms) time the vibrational modes have settled into maybe 10 or 12 important
harmonics. In this example we’ll use 5 bunches of 3 harmonics, a total of 15
partials plus the striker sound.
Flexibility
Ratios are better than absolute values. Remember that the shape of the bell
doesn’t change (apart from the distortions which are part of the sound), so
tuning a bell is more about its scale. Rather than specifying fixed frequencies
for each harmonic it’s better to start with only the fundamental and express
all the other harmonics as ratios. This way, by changing the fundamental you
can tune the bell and all the other harmonics will follow suit correctly. When
adding a second bell later you’ll see why this was a good move, and how
easy it is to change one parameter for the fundamental rather than rewriting
them all.
Make Use of the Physics
The harmonics form groups. Although each harmonic has an individual evolu-
tion, some harmonics seem to behave in a related way. Studies of bell sounds
show that the partials grow and decay in groups, and groups of groups, as they
interact. For example, the circular modes are quite distinct from the bending
modes. Couldn’t we lump some of these frequencies together in order to sim-
plify the control of them? Controlling groups of harmonics that tend to decay
together with the same envelope is a way for us to cheat and use a little less pro-
cessor power than controlling the level of every harmonic individually. Won’t
grouping harmonics by modes cause a reduction in quality? Certainly, but the
trick is to decide where the cutoff between detail and cost lies, and in this case
we can make significant shortcuts.
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