Bridge cannot span the divide
Elementary
(includes
Irregular past tenses.
key)
Should people be
Present perfect for
allowed to live
Intermediate
recent events with
separately because of
present effect.
their ethnic background
or religion?
Advanced
Different tenses in the
passive voice.
Croat and Muslim politicians in Mostar create divisions.
Fill the gaps using one of these words from the text:
united (adj)
separate (adj)
attend (vb)
remarkable (adj)
destroy (vb)
optimistic (adj)
remove (vb)
divided (adj)
A ____________ city is a city in two or more parts.
A ____________ city is one where everyone lives together in peace.
If you ____________ something, you damage it so seriously that it no
longer exists.
An ____________ person is one who always believes that good things
will happen.
In most countries children ____________ school from the age of 6.
If you ____________ someone from power, you take away their power.
____________ means ‘not together’.
If something is ____________ it is very unusual or very surprising.
Look in the text and find this information as quickly as possible:
When was the Bosnian war?
When did the Turks build the Old Bridge in Mostar?
When did the international governor introduce new laws in Mostar?
How much did the new bridge cost?
How long is the new bridge?
How high is the bridge?
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
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Bridge cannot span the divide
Ian Traynor in Mostar
The city of Mostar lies on the River Neretva in
Bosnia-Herzegovina. Before the Bosnian war
of 1992-95, the Croats and Muslims of
Mostar lived in a united city. Since the war,
however, the city has been divided. The
Croats live on the west bank of the river and
the Muslims live on the east bank. Croats and
Muslims go to different schools. They have
different mobile telephone systems. Buses do
not cross the river. If you live on the east
bank of the river you cannot order a pizza
from the pizza restaurant on the west bank.
During the war the Croats destroyed the
famous old stone bridge over the
Neretva, which the Turks built in 1566.
The bridge fell into the river. Many
people saw this as a symbol of the
division of the city into two parts.
In March 2004, the international governor
of Bosnia introduced some new laws for
the city. He removed the old Croat and
Muslim town councils and formed a new
single council for the city. In June 2004
the Croat and Muslim firefighting services
joined together and became a single
firefighting service. Then in July the two
ambulance services joined together and
became a single ambulance service.
Then last week something remarkable
happened. Milan Milesovic, a Croat
ambulance driver from the Croat west side
of Mostar, drove his ambulance across one
of the bridges over the Neretva River to
help a sick Muslim on the other side. “I’m
just doing my job. It’s normal”, he said.
The Croats have also said that Muslim
schoolchildren can attend the beautiful
old grammar school in September. They
will, however, be on a separate floor and
will have a different educational
programme from the Croats.
Finally, last week, the Old Bridge reopened
again. The work took many years and cost
$9m. The bridge is a perfect copy of the
old Turkish bridge and is 27m long and
stands 18m above the river. Princes,
presidents and prime ministers from all
over Europe attended the opening of the
“new Old Bridge”. Many people see the
opening as a symbol of hope for the future.
But one western official, who has been in
Bosnia for more than five years, is not so
optimistic. He says that the Croat and
Muslim politicians in Mostar are making
the divisions between the Croats and the
Muslims even greater.
The Guardian Weekly 20-07-04, page 3
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
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Choose the best answer.
The city of Mostar is ...
a. united b.
divided c.
optimistic
Milan Milesovic is ...
a. an ambulance
driver b. a firefighter
c. the international governor of Bosnia
In 1566 the Turks built ...
Mostar
a huge mosque
a stone bridge
4. The new bridge is ...
a. a perfect copy of the old bridge
b. a concrete bridge for buses to use
c. a symbol of the division of the city
The Muslims of Mostar live ...
a. on the west bank of the river
b. on the east bank of the river
c. on both banks of the river
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb
division ____________ 5. formation ____________
2.
introduction ____________ 6.
attendance ____________
education ____________ 7. destruction ____________
4.
order
____________ 8.
copy
____________
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Fill the gaps using prepositions:
Mostar lies _______ the River Neretva.
Mostar has been divided _______ the Bosnian war.
_______ the war it was a united city.
The Croats live _______ the west bank of the river.
The new bridge is a perfect copy _______ the old bridge.
The bridge is a symbol of hope _______ the future.
The Turks built the Old Bridge _______ 1566.
Very few people travel _______ the river.
Look at this example from the text:
He drove his ambulance over one of the bridges...
‘drove’ is the irregular past simple of the verb ‘drive’
Complete the table with the past simple forms of these other irregular verbs
from the text:
1. lie
_______
2. build
_______
3. see
_______
4. become _______
5. cost
_______
6. make
_______
7. stand
_______
8. fall
_______
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Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
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Croat and Muslim politicians in Mostar continue scheming to ruin the
dream of a reunified Bosnia.
Fill the gaps using one of these words from the text:
merge
masterpiece
municipality
ethnic cleansing
segregated
counterpart
replica
ravine
The use of violence to force people from a particular ethnic group is known as
____________ .
A ____________ is someone who has the same job or purpose as
another person but in a different country or organisation.
A ____________ is an exceptional work of art.
A ____________ is a narrow, deep valley.
If two companies or organisations ____________, they combine to
form a bigger company or organisation.
____________ means separated according to race, sex or religion.
A ____________ is a town or area of a town with its own local government.
A ____________ is an accurate copy of something.
Look in the text and find this information as quickly as possible:
When was the Bosnian war?
What is the name of the river in Mostar?
When was the old Turkish bridge built?
How much did it cost to build a new bridge?
How high is the bridge above the river?
Who is the international governor of Bosnia?
When were the mosques of Mostar built?
How high is the Croat cross?
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
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Bridge cannot span the divide
Ian Traynor in Mostar
For many years the city of Mostar in Bosnia-
Hercegovina has been a symbol of the problems
of the region. It is a city where the takeaway pizza
restaurant will not deliver pizzas to the Muslims
on the other side of the river. It is a city where you
can identify who is a Croat and who is a Muslim
by their different mobile telephone numbers and
servers. It is a place where there is a separate
education system for Croats and Muslims from
kindergarten to university. It is also a place where
you still cannot take a bus across the old front line
from the Bosnian war. In short, it is still a divided
city.
But last week something remarkable happened.
Milan Milesovic, a Croat ambulance driver from
the Croat west side of the city, drove his
ambulance over one of the bridges over the
Neretva River in response to an emergency call
from a Muslim on the other side.
Until the Bosnian war of 1992-95, Mostar was
probably the most ethnically integrated city in all
of former Yugoslavia. But then the war came and
ethnic cleansing began. The result is that Mostar
became the most divided town in Bosnia, a
victory for the Croatian nationalists who, with
their Serbian counterparts, wanted to destroy the
city and to remove Bosnia-Herzegovina from the
map of Europe.
Just over 10 years ago, Croatian guns finally
destroyed Mostar’s world-famous Old
Bridge, a masterpiece of Turkish architecture
built in 1566. The beautiful bridge fell into the
fast green waters of the Neretva. The bridge
was a symbol of Mostar and its destruction
seemed to symbolise the city's death.
Then last week, after years of careful work and
at a cost of $9m, the Old Bridge reopened again,
a perfect replica built of the same local stone.
Ever since the end of the war, Croatian
nationalists in west Mostar and the ruling
Bosnian Muslim party on the east have worked
together to keep the city divided. In March,
however, Paddy Ashdown, the international
governor of Bosnia, acted to reverse a process
that has left Mostar looking like a Balkan Beirut
or Nicosia. He issued an order removing the
old municipalities from power and defining
Mostar as a single unified city.
The first result of this order was Mr Milesovic's
ambulance crossing the river. This month the
Muslim and Croat emergency medical services
were merged. Last month the two firefighting
services merged. The city authorities also agreed
a single city budget for the first time since the war.
A western official who has been in Bosnia for
more than five years says, however, that the
main Croat and Muslim parties are using
Ashdown’s plans for their own purposes.
"They've pushed out the moderates and made
the divisions within the city administration even
greater. Things are getting better, but it's very
hard with these nationalist parties in power.
The Croats have got a majority now, and they
think they can control the councils," he said.
"I'd drive to the other side if there was a need," said
a driver of the No 10 bus service operating in the
Muslim east. "But hardly anyone goes from one side
to the other." The Croats have just agreed that
Muslims can join the beautiful old grammar school in
September, but only on a separate, segregated
floor, and with separate educational programmes for
Muslims and Croats. But many signs of the old
conflict remain. The Croats have just built a new
steeple on the cathedral that is much higher than the
tallest minaret of the city's 16th-century mosques.
And they have also built a 30m illuminated cross on
Hum hill overlooking the old Muslim sector of
Mostar.
The Guardian Weekly 20-07-04, page 3
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Are these sentences True or False?
The Muslims of Mostar live on the west bank of the river.
The old bridge was destroyed by the Croats.
Croats and Muslims will soon be educated in the same building in Mostar.
The minarets are taller than the cathedral.
The new bridge doesn’t really look like the old one.
Buses now cross the city regularly from the Croat side to the Muslim side.
Complete the table. Use your dictionary to help you.
Verb
Noun
1.
deliver
____________
2.
educate
____________
3.
divide
____________
4.
merge
____________
5.
restore
____________
6.
identify
____________
7.
destroy
____________
8.
remove
____________
Rearrange these words to make short phrases or chunks. Check your
answers in the text.
1. integrated an city ethnically
3. careful after work of years
5. more years five than for
7. call in to an response emergency
2. old beautiful the bridge
4. medical services the emergency
6. system a education separate
8. one to from the side other
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Look at this example from the text:
The Croats have also built a 30m illuminated cross.
Find 5 other things, both good and bad, that have happened in Mostar
recently and express them in the present perfect.
For example:
They have reopened the old bridge.
Should people be allowed to live separately because of their ethnic
background or religion?
Make a list of points for and against ethnic separation.
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The governor has removed the old municipalities from power.
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Croat and Muslim politicians in Mostar continue scheming to ruin the
dream of a reunified Bosnia.
Decide whether these statements are True or False:
The Bosnian war ended in 1995.
The famous old bridge in Mostar was built by the Italians.
Temperatures in Mostar in the summer can be higher than 40 degrees Celsius.
The old bridge was destroyed by the Serbs.
The Croats of Mostar are Roman Catholics.
The bridge will never be rebuilt.
Now look in the text below and check your answers.
Fill the gaps using an appropriate form of these verbs. There is one
sentence for each paragraph of the text.
erase
undo
merge
deliver
erect
confound
respond
make up
overlook
Recently a Croatian ambulance driver crossed the river Neretva in Mostar to
____________ to an emergency call on the Muslim side.
The local takeaway pizza restaurant will not ____________ to
customers on the other side of the river.
Croatian and Serbian nationalists wanted to ____________
Bosnia-Herzegovina from the map of Europe.
The famous old bridge in Mostar was ____________ in 1566.
Extremists on both sides continue to ____________ all international
attempts at reunion.
Recently the Muslim and Croat emergency medical services were
____________.
There have been many international attempts to ____________ the
ethnic division of Mostar.
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Croats now ____________ 60% of the voters in the city of Mostar.
Hum hill ____________ the old Muslim sector of Mostar.
Now look in the text and check your answers:
Bridge cannot span the divide
Ian Traynor in Mostar
In a city which has long been an emblem for the bigotry in Bosnia, Milan Milesovic struck a small
blow for decency and common sense this month. Two weeks ago the ambulance driver from the
Croat west side of a city divided ethnically for 10 years switched on his flashing blue lights and
raced across the bridges over the Neretva river to respond to the emergency call of a sick Muslim
on the other side. "I am just doing my job. It's normal," Mr Milesovic said.
But in a town where the takeaway pizza joint will not deliver to the Muslims across the river, where Croats
and Muslims can be identified by their different mobile phone numbers and servers, where education from
kindergarten to university is strictly segregated, and where you still cannot take a city bus across the old
front line from the Bosnian war, the ambulance driver's mission of mercy was anything but normal.
Until the Bosnian war of 1992-95, Mostar was probably the most ethnically integrated city in all of
former Yugoslavia. But the city became a laboratory for experiments in extreme ethnic
engineering. The result is that Mostar mutated into the most divided town in Bosnia, a triumph for
the Croatian nationalists who, with their Serbian counterparts, sought to destroy the city and to
erase Bosnia-Herzegovina from the map of Europe.
The most vivid symbol of that Croatian triumph came just over 10 years ago, when a couple of
well-aimed Croatian artillery shells brought the city's world-famous Old Bridge, a masterpiece of
Ottoman Turk architecture erected in 1566, tumbling into the fast green waters of the Neretva.
The bridge defined Mostar. Its destruction seemed to augur the city's death. But last week, after years of
painstaking work and at a cost of $9m, the Old Bridge stands again, a perfect replica built of the same
creamy local limestone. In searing heat of more than 40C, princes, presidents and prime ministers from all
over Europe and the Middle East attended the opening of the "new Old Bridge" whose restoration is being
hailed as the start of a happier new era for Mostar. Perhaps. But ever since the war the Croatian
extremists of west Mostar and the ruling Bosnian Muslim party on the east bank have connived in the
city's partition, dividing the spoils between them and confounding all international attempts at reunion.
In March Paddy Ashdown, international governor of Bosnia, acted to reverse a process that has left
Mostar as a Balkan Beirut or Nicosia. He ordered the dissolution of the ethnically divided municipalities
and imposed a new statute defining Mostar as a single unified city. Mr Milesovic's ambulance crossing
the divide is a first fruit of the Ashdown diktat. This month the Muslim and Croat emergency medical
services were merged. That was preceded by a merger of the twin firefighting services. And the rival
city authorities agreed a single city budget for the first time since the war.
Lord Ashdown's move is one of the most ambitious projects since he took on the running of Bosnia two
years ago. It comes after the failure of several international attempts to undo Mostar's division. "This time it's
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
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different," said Sanela Tunovic from Lord Ashdown's office. "It's imposed. The political parties were not
able to agree, but now it's being implemented." A western official who has been in Bosnia for more
than five years warns, however, that the main Croat and Muslim parties are manipulating the Ashdown
plan to their own ends. "They've pushed out the moderates and entrenched the divisions within the city
administration. Things are getting better, but it's very hard with these nationalist parties in power."
Lord Ashdown's staff talk of reunifying and restructuring 70 city institutions - from rubbish collection to
sewage works to the make-up of the city council in a town of just over 100,000, whose demographic
composition was thoroughly altered by the war and ethnic cleansing. The Croats who partitioned and
destroyed the city comprised a third of the population before the war. They drove almost all the
Muslims across the river. Now they make up more than 60% of city voters, which helps to explain
why their leadership is more open to the Ashdown scheme. "The Croats have got a majority now, and
they think they can control the councils," said the western official.
"I'd drive to the other side if there was a need," said a driver of the No 10 bus service operating in
the Muslim east. "But hardly anyone goes from one side to the other." The Croats have just
agreed that Muslims can join the splendid old grammar school in September, but only on a
separate, segregated floor still to be built, and with separate curriculums for both communities.
The landmarks of Roman Catholic triumphalism remain. A new steeple on the cathedral has been
built to dwarf the tallest minaret of the city's 16th-century mosques. And the Croats have erected
a 30m illuminated cross on Hum hill overlooking the old Muslim sector of Mostar.
The Guardian Weekly 20-07-04, page 3
Choose the best answer in each case:
1. Which of these best describes the city of Mostar?
A mixture of Serbs and Croats.
A mixture of Serbs and Muslims.
A mixture of Croats and Muslims.
2. How was the old bridge in Mostar destroyed?
It was burnt down.
It was destroyed by shells.
It was bombed.
3. What action has the international governor of Bosnia taken?
He has ordered the two sides to live together in peace and harmony.
He has introduced a new law defining Mostar as a single unified city.
He has called for new municipal elections.
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4. What is the main obstacle to the reunification of Mostar?
The old bridge.
The single city budget.
The nationalist Muslim and Croat political parties.
5. What is the significance of the new bridge?
It allows ambulances and buses to cross the river.
It is a symbol of hopes for the future unification of the city.
It is a bridge between Europe and the Islamic world.
Find the words which mean:
A noun meaning the practice of having very strong and unreasonable
opinions about politics, race or religion. (paragraph 1)
A verb meaning to separate groups of people because of race, sex or
religion. (para 2)
A verb meaning to become physically different. (para 3)
A verb meaning to fall to the ground. (para 4)
An adjective meaning ‘careful and slow’. (para 5)
A noun which means the process of officially ending the existence
of an organisation. (para 6)
A verb meaning to influence or control someone or something in a
clever or dishonest way. (para 7)
Match the words in the left-hand column with the ones they collocate
with in the right-hand column.
1. searing
2. ambitious
3. flashing
4. vivid
5. entrenched
6. rubbish
7. front
8. painstaking
a. collection
b. symbol
c. divisions
d. heat
e. line
f. light
g. work
h. project
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Look at this example from the text:
A new steeple on the cathedral has been built.
This is an example of a passive sentence in the present perfect tense.
Look in the text and find examples of the following:
A example of a passive with the modal verb ‘can’. (paragraph 2)
An example of the present simple passive. (para 2)
An example of the present continuous passive. (para 5)
Two examples of the past simple passive. (para 6)
Another example of the present continuous passive. (para 7)
Another example of the past simple passive. (para 8)
An example of the passive infinitive. (para 9)
Should people be allowed to live separately because of their ethnic background
or religion? Make a list of points for and against ethnic separation.
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
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