In this modern era, organizations greatly rely on computer networks to share



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Network Security

CIA triangle


Confidentiality
− The function of confidentiality is to protect precious business 
data from unauthorized persons. Confidentiality part of network security makes 
sure that the data is available only to the intended and authorized persons. 

Integrity
− This goal means maintaining and assuring the accuracy and 
consistency of data. The function of integrity is to make sure that the data is 
reliable and is not changed by unauthorized persons. 

Availability
− The function of availability in Network Security is to make sure 
that the data, network resources/services are continuously available to the 
legitimate users, whenever they require it. 
Achieving Network Security 
Ensuring network security may appear to be very simple. The goals to be achieved 
seems to be straightforward. But in reality, the mechanisms used to achieve these 
goals are highly complex, and understanding them involves sound reasoning. 
International Telecommunication Union
(ITU), in its recommendation on security 
architecture X.800, has defined certain mechanisms to bring the standardization in 
methods to achieve network security. Some of these mechanisms are − 

En-cipherment
− This mechanism provides data confidentiality services by 
transforming data into not-readable forms for the unauthorized persons. This 
mechanism uses encryption-decryption algorithm with secret keys. 

Digital signatures
− This mechanism is the electronic equivalent of ordinary 
signatures in electronic data. It provides authenticity of the data. 

Access control
− This mechanism is used to provide access control services. 
These mechanisms may use the identification and authentication of an entity 
to determine and enforce the access rights of the entity. 
Having developed and identified various security mechanisms for achieving network 
security, it is essential to decide where to apply them; both physically (at what 
location) and logically (at what layer of an architecture such as TCP/IP). 
Security Mechanisms at Networking Layers 


Several security mechanisms have been developed in such a way that they can be 
developed at a specific layer of the OSI network layer model. 


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