Repatriation
The Italians who participated in this research had come to Australia for work or were the
children of those immigrants. Their intention, several explained, had been to stay for two,
three or four years. With the accumulation of sufficient savings, they intended to return to
Italy. Yet, two thirds of the Wittenoom Italians remained in Western Australia. Their
repatriation plans were either shelved as their children established roots in Australia or when
both or one of the parents had decided that there were more opportunities in Australia.
Approximately 300 of the 1,100 Wittenoom Italians repatriated, mainly to their region of
provenance.
46
For the repatriating Italians, feelings of nostalgia for Italy and family, coupled with the
desire to raise and educate their children in Italy prompted the decision. They, like the
Italians who remained in Western Australia, would have to establish a home and find work.
The single married and started families; some returned to Australia several times for work,
before finally settling in Italy. In the 1960s, Italy began to experience an economic boom.
44
Lea Guagnin had emphasized the word.
45
Interview with Lea Guagnin, Perth, October 2009.
46
Merler, Ercolanelli & de Klerk (2000), Op Cit.
234
Economic growth was apparent in the north of Italy: agriculture in Piedmont and Lombardy,
along with heavy industry, engineering, textiles and clothing factories took on a modern and
centralised character in the ‘Industrial Triangle’ between Turin, Milan and Genoa.
47
In the Trentino Alto Adige, tourism would provide work for many in what had previously been
a region of emigration (see figure 117).
48
For the returning miners, family members already in
established businesses or about to retire played an important role in providing employment
opportunities or a recommendation for appointment to a position about to be vacated in one
of the various northern Italian industries. The stories of northern Italians Nazzarena
Mirandola and Tullio Rodigari and southern Italian Giacomo Bevacqua illustrate the
economic inequality between the north and the south and the impact of the high
unemployment in the south. By 1986 the GDP per head was over 20 million lire in Lombardy,
but only 10.3 million lire in Sicily and 8.8 million lire in Calabria. Unemployment was 7.4 per
cent of the labour force in Lombardy and 9.2 per cent in Piedmont, but 16.2 per cent in Sicily
and 17.9 per cent in Calabria.
49
Repatriations occurred within a few years of having left Wittenoom. Unlike his
travelling companions to Australia, as soon as Evaristo Scandella had earned enough money
to pay his fare home, he went back to Italy. Tragically, his wife had died while he was on the
ship to Australia in 1951. His two young daughters remained in the care of his sister-in-law,
whom he would later marry. Until 72 years of age, Evaristo continued to migrate to Africa for
work. He obtained regular employment contracts lasting two or three years on construction
sites. In 2007, Evaristo Scandella died aged 92.
47
Castles et al. Op Cit. pp. 36-7.
48
Interview with Gino Longhi, owner of the Albergo Milano,Vermiglio, Italy, November 2008. See also
Panizza, Op Cit.
49
Castles et al. Op Cit. p. 39.
235
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |